Table 3 Weibull gamma shared frailty model for the predictors of early initiation of PNC service utilization in Ethiopia, 2016

 Urban

196

135

1

1

 Rural

5323

710

0.23 [0.13, 0.35]

1.06 [0.76, 1.46]

 15–24

1332

253

1

1

 25–34

2738

425

0.83 [0.70, 0.97]

0.98 [0.81, 1.20]

  ≥ 35

1450

166

0.66 [0.54, 0.81]

0.87 [0.65, 1.17]

 No

3863

403

1

1

 Primary

1482

319

1.77 [1.51, 2.07]

1.04 [0.88, 1.25]

 Secondary or higher

174

122

3.62 [2.85, 4.60]

1.04 [0.79, 1.39]

 Poorest

1429

114

1

1

 Poorer

1382

166

1.34 [1.04, 1.74]

0.96 [0.75, 1.24]

 Middle

1245

197

1.65 [1.28, 2.14]

1.17 [0.75, 1.56]

 Richer

1055

160

1.64 [1.25, 2.16]

0.91 [0.69, 1.19]

 Richest

408

208

3.56 [2.68, 4.73]

1.20 [0.88, 1.65]

 Male

5448

1025

1

1

 Female

866

250

1.23 [1.06, 1.43]

1.02 [0.83, 1.25]

 Single

6235

1235

1

1

 Twin

78

41

2.21 [1.58, 3.09]

2.05 [1.32, 3.18] *

 1

887

210

1

1

 2–4

2220

374

0.79 [0.66, 0.95]

1.52 [1.23, 1.87]*

  ≥ 5

2412

261

0.59 [0.49, 0.72]

1.61 [1.21, 2.15]*

  < 2 years

919

79

1

1

  ≥ 2 years

4600

765

1.69 [1.33, 2.15]

1.35 [1.06, 1.73] ^*

 No

2674

293

1

1

 Primary

2077

316

1.21 [1.02, 1.44]

0.89 [0.75, 1.06]

 Secondary and above

768

236

2.01 [1.66, 2.44]

1.17 [0.93, 1.47]

 No

4026

428

1

1

 Yes

1494

417

1.96 [1.68, 2.28]

1.42 [1.21, 1.68]*

 No big problem

1083

428

1

1

 A big problem

4436

417

0.54 [0.47, 0.62]

0.74 [0.63, 0.87] ^*

 Respondent alone

640

128

1.19 [1.01, 1.42]

0.97 [0.75, 1.06]

 Jointly with partner

3404

525

1.12 [0.88, 1.42]

0.97 [0.76, 1.24]

 Partner only

1476

191

1

1

 Alive

5056

762

1

1

 Stillbirth

463

82

1.14 [0.90, 1.44]

1.09 [0.86, 1.39]

 Home

4597

148

1

1

 Health facility

922

696

19.66 [16.33, 23.68]

14.36 [11.76, 17.53] *

 SVD

5497

789

1

1

 Caesarean delivery

22

56

6.15 [4.47, 8.47]

2.17 [1.60, 2.95] *

 No

2515

91

1

1

 Yes

3004

753

4.81 [3.82, 6.05]

2.07 [1.63, 2.63] *