Detecting anxiety and depression among people with limited literacy living with chronic low back pain in Nigeria: adaptation and validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale

Table 7 Model fit indices for the confirmatory factor analyses of the Igbo-HADS for the observed EFA structure, original two-factor and one-factor structures [obtained from participants from rural Nigerian communities involved in the cross-sectional validity testing on 22 August 2014]

Igbo-HADS CFA applications	Model fit indices
Igbo-HADS CFA applications	X² (P-value)	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	NNFI	NFI
Igbo-HADS EFA structure	182.608 (< 0.001)	0.805	0.767	0.084	0.089	0.767	0.714
Original HADS two-factor structure applied to Igbo-HADS	180.946 (< 0.001)	0.808	0.770	0.083	0.087	0.770	0.716
One-factor structure applied to Igbo-HADS	193.785 (< 0.001)	0.786	0.748	0.087	0.090	0.748	0.696

CFA Confirmatory Factor Analysis, X² Chi-square, CFI Comparative Fit Index, TLI Tucker-Lewis Index, RMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, SRMR Standardised Root Mean square Residual, NNFI Non-Normed Fit Index, NFI Normed Fit Index.

ISSN: 2049-3258