Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression
Variables | Empty model | Model with individual level variables AOR(95%CI) | Model with the community level variable AOR(95%CI) | Model with individual and community-level variables AOR(95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual -level characteristics(n = 3172) | ||||
 Marital status | ||||
  Never married |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Married |  | 1.54 (1.07–2.22)* |  | 1.53 (1.06–2.20)* |
 Religion | ||||
  Orthodox |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Muslim |  | 2.85 (1.79–4.52)* |  | 2.51 (1.56–4.01)* |
  Protestant |  | 1.40 (0.84–2.31) |  | 1.36 (0.81–2.25) |
  Others |  | 7.68 (2.59–21.85)* |  | 7.08 (0.88–19.02) |
 Place of residence | ||||
  Urban |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Rural |  | 0.86 (0.44–1.81) |  | 1.03 (0.46–2.27) |
 Wealth Index | ||||
  Poorer |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Poor |  | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) |  | 0.90 (0.66–1.22) |
  Middle |  | 0.92 (0.66–1.27) |  | 0.95 (0.69–1.32) |
  Rich |  | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) |  | 0.84 (0.59–1.18) |
  Richest |  | 0.87 (0.57–0.98)* |  | 0.91 (0.60–1.39) |
 Level of education | ||||
  No Education |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Primary education |  | 0.45 (0.34–0.65)* |  | 0.48 (0.33–0.71)* |
  Secondary and higher education |  | 0.21 (0.13–0.34)* |  | 0.22 (0.13–0.35)* |
 Employment | ||||
  No |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Yes |  | 0.85 (0.72–0.99)* |  | 0.85 (0.72–1.01) |
 Currently pregnant | ||||
  No |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Yes |  | 1.03 (0.76–1.40) |  | 1.03 (0.76–1.40) |
 Currently breastfeeding | ||||
  No |  | Ref. |  |  |
  Yes |  | 0.89 (0.74–0.97)* |  | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) |
 Early childbearing | ||||
  No |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Yes |  | 1.22 (0.77–1.95) |  | 1.12 (0.70–1.80) |
 Current use of contraceptive | ||||
  No |  | Ref. |  |  |
  Yes |  | 0.47 (0.26–0.85)* |  | 0.57 (0.32–1.04) |
 Nutritional status (BMI) | ||||
   < 18.5 |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  18.5–24.9 |  | 0.56 (0.44–0.33)* |  | 0.58 (0.45–0.75)* |
   ≥ 25 |  | 0.38 (0.21–0.69)* |  | 0.43 (0.32.0.54)* |
 Visiting health facility in the last 12 months | ||||
  No |  | Ref. |  | Ref. |
  Yes |  | 1.15 (0.91–1.33) |  | 1.10 (0.94–1.30) |
Community-level characteristics(n = 645) | ||||
 Percentage of adolescents with secondary and higher education in the community | ||||
  Low |  |  | Ref. | Ref. |
  High |  |  | 0.64 (0.33–1.23) | 0.61 (0.31–1.19) |
 Percentage of married adolescents in the community | ||||
  Low |  |  | Ref. | Ref. |
  High |  |  | 1.52 (0.68–3.38) | 0.79 (0.35–1.77) |
 Percentage of adolescents who had childbearing history in the community | ||||
  Low |  |  | Ref. | Ref. |
  High |  |  | 4.12 (1.83–5.24)* | 2.8 (1.25–6.29)* |
 Percentage of adolescents who used contraceptives in the community | ||||
  Low |  |  | Ref. | Ref. |
  High |  |  | 0.16 (0.07–0.34)* | 0.31 (0.14–0.69)* |
Measures of variation | ||||
 ICC | 0.29* | 0.23* | 0.25* | 0.21* |
 Model fit statistics |  |  |  |  |
 DIC (−2log likelihood) | 7054.6 | 6919.68 | 7004.63 | 6904.29 |