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Table 1 Characteristics of counties

From: The association between opioids, environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic indicators and COVID-19 mortality rates in the United States: an ecological study at the county level

Total

3142a

Ratio of ≥65 years old to < 25 years old

0.66 (0.27)b

% Black

9.0 (14.3)

% Non-Hispanic White

76.0 (20.2)

% Rural

59.1 (32.7)

Median Household Income ($1000)

51.1 (13.5)

Median Home Value ($1000)

159.7 (103.0)

Population Density (persons/100 mile2)

2.7 (17.9)

% Unemployed

4.6 (1.7)

% Diabetic

11.6 (2.6)

Hypertension Hospitalizations Rate

6.9 (3.2)

% Smokers

17.9 (3.7)

% Excessive Drinking

17.4 (3.2)

% With access to place of physical activity

62.9 (23.1)

% Health practitioners

5.7 (1.8)

% Sales/office workers

20.5 (2.9)

% Transportation/trucking workers

17.0 (6.0)

% Education workers

9.5 (2.5)

Average summer temperature (°F)

65.1 (9.2)

Average Daily PM2.5 (μg/m3)

9.0 (2.0)

Opioid Prescribing Rate per 100 persons

61.8 (32.7)

Opioid Mortality Rate per 100,000 persons

13.7 (9.5)

  1. a all U.S. counties including District of Columbia; bmean (S.D.)