Table 1 Age-standardized percentages of childhood and adulthood socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators and pathway variables by occupational class for men aged 35–64: The 2007–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (n = 4176; weighted n = 10,528,165)

Childhood SEP

 Father’s education (elementary school or less)

43.2 (304)

38.8–47.7

52.2 (494)

48.6–55.7

59.1 (822)

56.3–62.0

56.2 (628)

51.9–60.5

 Mother’s education (elementary school or less)

62.5 (456)

58.6–66.3

68.0 (662)

64.6–71.4

72.6 (1023)

69.9–75.3

70.8 (739)

66.5–75.0

 Absence of parents

10.3 (65)

7.5–13.0

11.6 (105)

9.2–14.1

13.9 (190)

11.9–15.9

13.3 (157)

10.5–16.1

Adulthood SEP

 Elementary school or less

2.8 (21)

1.4–4.3

4.3 (45)

2.9–5.8

18.5 (270)

16.2–20.7

27.3 (289)

24.0–30.6

 Middle school

1.4 (9)

0.4–2.3

8.8 (85)

6.8–10.7

21.0 (297)

18.5–23.5

22.4 (229)

19.3–25.5

 High school

23.8 (169)

20.0–27.6

38.3 (383)

34.8–41.8

48.4 (658)

45.3–51.5

33.3 (290)

29.6–37.1

 College or above

72.0 (554)

68.0–76.0

48.6 (491)

44.9–52.4

12.2 (166)

10.3–14.0

17.0 (145)

13.6–20.3

Biological health risk factors

Body mass index (BMI) (≥30 kg/m²)

4.1 (33)

2.7–5.5

2.9 (31)

1.8–4.1

2.7 (34)

1.7–3.7

4.2 (28)

2.0–6.5

BMI (≤18 kg/m²)

2.1 (17)

1.1–3.2

2.3 (27)

1.3–3.2

3.4 (50)

2.3–4.4

5.8 (53)

3.7–7.9

Blood pressure (≥140 mmHg)

5.0 (36)

3.2–6.8

7.1 (58)

5.0–9.1

10.3 (140)

8.5–12.1

11.9 (131)

8.9–15.0

Serum total cholesterol (≥240 mg/dL)

7.6 (64)

5.6–9.7

6.9 (76)

5.3–8.5

8.7 (117)

6.9–10.6

8.0 (79)

5.8–10.3

Serum glucose level (≥126 mg/dL)

8.0 (54)

5.8–10.2

8.1 (72)

5.9–10.3

9.1 (125)

7.3–10.8

8.7 (91)

6.2–11.1

Health behaviors

Current smoking

41.3 (319)

37.2–45.4

40.8 (444)

37.4–44.2

51.0 (686)

48.2–53.8

49.3 (411)

44.9–53.8

High-risk alcohol consumption^a

9.1 (69)

6.8–11.4

11.4 (111)

9.0–13.8

14.3 (190)

12.2–16.3

12.9 (120)

10.2–15.5

Moderate level of physical activity

9.3 (75)

7.0–11.6

11.4 (121)

9.1–13.7

17.4 (263)

15.3–19.6

13.3 (160)

10.4–16.2

Exercise for weight control

52.2 (392)

48.3–56.2

45.8 (466)

42.2–49.3

34.5 (484)

31.6–37.3

35.9 (324)

31.5–40.4

Psychosocial factors

Feelings of depression (more than 2 weeks)

9.3 (74)

7.1–11.6

9.5 (92)

7.4–11.7

9.8 (143)

8.2–11.3

16.2 (140)

12.8–19.6

Stress awareness

31.8 (255)

28.2–35.4

30.6 (343)

27.5–33.6

23.3 (332)

20.8–25.9

23.4 (195)

19.4–27.5

Marital status (yes)

97.6 (732)

96.7–98.6

97.7 (974)

96.8–98.6

94.9 (1318)

93.6–96.2

81.8 (876)

77.9–85.6

Suicidal ideation

7.3 (60)

5.4–9.3

10.1 (92)

7.6–12.5

10.8 (153)

9.0–12.5

18.7 (159)

15.0–22.4

Work environment ^b

Cleanliness and comfort

88.4 (666)

85.6–91.2

85.8 (866)

83.2–88.4

54.9 (784)

52.1–57.7

34.6 (361)

30.2–38.9

Dangerous

18.5 (140)

15.3–21.8

18.3 (199)

15.6–21.1

62.7 (867)

59.7–65.7

23.4 (238)

19.6–27.3

Time pressure

36.9 (296)

33.2–40.5

35.9 (393)

32.6–39.2

36.5 (505)

33.8–39.1

25.1 (257)

21.0–29.1

Authority

95.2 (718)

93.5–96.9

89.1 (897)

86.7–91.5

68.4 (960)

65.6–71.1

46.8 (472)

41.3–52.2

Respected and trusted

92.4 (697)

90.1–94.7

91.8 (924)

89.8–93.8

85.7 (1188)

83.7–87.7

47.1 (489)

41.7–52.6

Long hours in an uncomfortable position

9.4 (80)

7.4–11.5

16.4 (156)

13.7–19.1

36.7 (522)

33.9–39.5

22.7 (251)

18.2–27.2

Carrying heavy objects

7.8 (58)

5.6–10.0

22.7 (207)

19.5–25.8

39.7 (560)

36.5–42.8

25.5 (290)

21.5–29.5

Hiding emotions

34.2 (272)

30.4–38.0

35.8 (379)

32.4–39.2

37.9 (529)

35.1–40.8

16.7 (144)

13.2–20.2