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Table 4 Comparison of oral health knowledge, attitude, intention, efficacy, practice and plaque among groups at follow-up

From: Effectiveness of message-framing to improve oral health behaviors and dental plaque among pregnant women

Variables

   

Groups

  

p-value

 

Gain-framed M (SD)

Gain-framed M (SD)

Loss-framed M (SD)

Loss-framed M (SD)

Control M (SD)

Control M (SD)

 
 

Un-adjusted

Adjusted

Un-adjusted

Adjusted

Un-adjusted

Adjusted

 

Knowledge

11.97(1.33)

12.00(7.21)

11.10(4.10)

11.00(5.21)

5.70(1.71)

6.08(1.79)

p < 0.001

Attitude

44.30(4.71)

44.00(3.26)

44.30(4.10)

44.00(3.62)

5.55))38.40

39.00(4.21)

p < 0.001

Behavioral intention

27.20(2.61)

27.00(2.05)

26.20(2.74)

26.00(2.34)

23.20(2.94)

23.00(2.71)

p < 0.001

Self-efficacy

38.03(2.39)

39.42 ± 0

38.34(3.42)

38.00 ± 3.42

33.50(5.24)

33.00(5.15)

p < 0.001

Practice

11.00(1.98)

10.00(3.26)

10.25(1.48)

10.00(3.48)

7.20(2.21)

7.00(2.61)

p < 0.001

Dental plaque

19.71(9.71)

20.17(9.71)

23.10(10.7)

22.67(10.70)

36.78(11.7)

36.00(5.70)

p < 0.001

  1. Note: ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) was used controlling for pre-intervention score on each outcome, maternal age/ education and gestational age. M = Mean, SD = Standard Deviation