Adolescent group n = 63 | Adult group n = 35 | t/X² | p-value | Larger cohort studies | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychosocial risk | |||||
Socioeconomic risk score | 1.58 ± 0.89 | 0.17 ± 0.51 | 9.6 | < 0.001 | |
Stressful life events (any) | 90.5 % | 60 % | 12.9 | .001 | |
Number of stressful life events | 2.9 ± 1.57 | 1.43 ± 1.27 | 4.8 | < 0.001 | |
Death of family member or loved one | 20.6 % | 14.3 % | |||
Severe own illness | 11.1 % | 2.9 % | |||
Severe illness family member | 12.7 % | 14.3 % | |||
Breakup of relationship | 31.7 % | 5.7 % | |||
Loss of job/apprenticeship | 15.9 % | 2.9 % | 3.45–3.72 %3 | ||
Severe changes in social environment | 39.7 % | 8.6 % | 3.45–3.72 %3 | ||
Relocation | 81.0 % | 34.3 % | |||
Planned pregnancy | 17.5 % | 82.9 % | 39.8 | < 0.001 | |
Substance abuse during pregnancy (any) | 46 % | 5.7 % | 16.9 | < 0.001 | |
Substance dose score | 1.08 ± 1.32 | 0.11 ± 0.47 | 5.2 | < 0.001 | |
Alcohol | 3.1 % | 0 % | 15.3–19.4 %1 0.2 %2 | ||
glasses/week | |||||
0 | 96.8 % | 100 % | |||
1–3 | 1.6 % | - | |||
4–6 | 1.6 % | - | |||
≥ 7 | - | - | |||
Cannabis | 1.6 % | 0 % | 3.85 %4 | ||
joints/month | |||||
0 | 98.4 % | 100 % | |||
1–4 | - | - | |||
5–8 | 1.6 % | - | |||
≥ 9 | - | - | |||
Nicotine | 45.3 % | 5.7 % | 6.5–9.2 %1, 7.0 %2 | ||
cigarettes/day | |||||
0 | 54.0 % | 94.3 % | |||
1–4 | 9.5 % | - | |||
5–9 | 23.8 % | 5.7 % | |||
10–14 | 7.9 % | - | |||
≥ 15 | 4.8 % | - | |||
Other drugs | 0 % | 0 % |