Table 5 Results of regression analysis of “both smoking and drinking” in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2018
Variables | smoking and drinking | |
|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | |
Demographic factor | ||
Age, years (ref: 15–45) | ||
46–59 | 1.49*** | (1.33,1.67) |
≥ 60 | 1.17* | (0.005, 0.01) |
Sex (ref: male) | ||
female | 0.01*** | (0.01,0.02) |
Number of siblings (ref: 1 or 2) | ||
3 or 4 | 1.03 | (0.92,1.15) |
≥ 5 | 1.06 | (0.94,1.18) |
Marital status (ref: unmarried) | ||
Married | 3.07*** | (2.51,3.76) |
Divorced/widowed/other | 2.87*** | (2.19,3.77) |
Place of residence (ref: urban) | ||
Rural | 0.82*** | (0.74,0.91) |
Social health insurance (ref: no) | ||
Yes | 0.81 | (0.64,1.03) |
Socioeconomic status | ||
Income (ref: very low) | ||
Low | 1.09 | (0.95,1.25) |
Middle | 1.14 | (0.99,1.32) |
High | 1.11 | (0.96,1.29) |
Very high | 1.28** | (1.08,1.51) |
Education (ref: primary school) | ||
Junior school | 0.89* | (0.79,0.99) |
High school | 0.70*** | (0.61,0.80) |
University or higher | 0.39*** | (0.32,0.47) |
Employment status (ref: employed) | ||
Retired | 0.64*** | (0.54,0.76) |
Unemployed | 0.61*** | (0.48,0.78) |
Type of occupation (ref: unskilled labor) | ||
Skilled labor | 0.89 | (0.79,1.01) |
Unemployed or other | 1.01 | (0.82,1.23) |
Poor or low-security household (ref: no) | ||
Yes | 1.12 | (0.89,1.42) |
Health-related factor | ||
Chronic disease (ref: no) | ||
Yes | 0.96 | (0.86,1.07) |
Multiple chronic diseases (ref: no) | ||
Yes | 0.74** | (0.62,0.90) |
EQ-5D (ref: complete health) | ||
Incomplete health | 0.88 | (0.77,1.01) |
Health status (ref: excellent) | ||
Poor (0–40) | 0.34*** | (0.20,0.58) |
Moderate (41–60) | 0.73** | (0.61,0.88) |
Good (41–80) | 0.98 | (0.89,1.07) |
physical examination (ref: no) | ||
Yes | 0.94 | (0.86,1.03) |
Physical exercise, no. of times per week (ref: ≥6) | ||
0 | 1.25*** | (1.11,1.41) |
1 or 2 | 1.23** | (1.02,1.48) |
3–5 | 0.83* | (0.70,0.99) |
Wave (Ref: 2008) | ||
2013 | 1.78*** | (1.56, 2.03) |
2018 | 2.17*** | (1.90, 2.47) |