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Table 2 The measurement of social participation and perceived helpfulness among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above by urban-rural setting a

From: Socio-economic inequalities in the chronic diseases management among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above: a cross sectional study

Variable

Rural

Urban

Total

 

n

%

n

%

nb

%b

Social participation

 Respondent who reported taking the following activities last month

  Any of the 8 following activities

5477

49.1

4520

55.5

9997

51.8

   (1) Interacted with friends

4196

37.6

2923

35.9

7119

36.9

   (2) Played Ma-jiang, chess and cards or went to community club

1951

17.5

1902

23.6

3853

20.0

   (3) Provided help to family, friends, or neighbors who did not live with you and who did not pay you for help

1087

9.7

837

10.3

1924

10.0

   (4) A sport, social, or other kind of club

220

2.0

1246

15.3

1466

7.6

   (5) A community-related organization

112

1.0

280

3.4

392

2.0

   (6) Done voluntary or charity work

58

0.5

133

1.6

191

1.0

   (7) Cared for a sick or disabled adult who did not live with you and who did not pay you for help

133

1.2

150

1.8

283

1.5

   (8) An educational or training course

31

0.3

90

1.1

121

0.6

Perceived helpfulness

 Yes

7834

70.3

5499

67.5

13,333

69.1

 No

3314

29.7

2643

32.5

5958

30.9

  1. a There were 6.7 and 4.5% subjects missing in measuring the constructs of social participation and perceived helpfulness, respectively. After dropping subjects with missing data, 19,291 subjects were included in this analysis. Among them, total number of rural and urban subjects was 11,149 and 8142, respectively
  2. b The number (n) in the column of “Total” means the total number of respondents with the “yes” response to corresponding question, while the percentage (%) in the column of “Total” means the proportion of them to the total sample size