Socio-economic inequalities in the chronic diseases management among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above: a cross sectional study

Table 3 Status in managing hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, among Chinese adults 45 years and above by urban-rural setting

Dependent variables	Rural		Urban		Total
	n^a	%	n^a	%	n^a	%
Health checks
Yes	3213	28.9	3024	37.3	6237	32.4
No	7903	71.1	5092	62.7	12,995	67.6
Hypertension
Diagnosis^b	2122	58.0	2039	67.5	4161	62.3
None diagnosis	1540	42.0	982	33.5	2522	26.7
Among diagnosed
Condition monitoring^c	1839	86.7	1767	86.7	3606	86.7
Health education^d	1156	54.5	1311	64.3	2467	59.3
On medication	1823	85.9	1828	89.7	3651	87.7
Control^e	630	29.7	575	28.2	1205	30.0
Diabetes
Diagnosis^b	380	40.8	491	60.6	871	50.0
None diagnosis	552	59.2	319	39.4	871	50.0
Among diagnosed
Condition monitoring^c	276	72.6	402	81.9	678	77.8
Health education^d	273	71.8	389	79.2	662	76.0
On medication	258	67.9	359	73.1	617	70.8
Control^e	210	55.2	220	44.8	430	49.4
Dyslipidemia
Diagnosis^b	629	23.6	771	36.4	1400	29.2
None diagnosis	2041	72.4	1349	73.6	3390	70.8
Among diagnosed
On medication	348	55.3	408	52.9	756	54.0
Control^e	249	39.6	182	23.6	431	30.8

^a n is the numerator
^b For hypertension, “Diagnosis” refers to a subject who had a mean SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg or reported use of antihypertensive medication. For diabetes, “Diagnosis” refers to a subject who had a fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL, or an HbA1c ≥6.5% if he/she did not fast overnight, or reported a doctor’s diagnosis of diabetes. For dyslipidemia, “Diagnosis” refers to a subject who had a total cholesterol level ≥ 240 mg/dL, or total triglycerides ≥200 mg/dL, or HDL-C < 40 mg/dL, or LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL or reported a doctor’s diagnosis of dyslipidemia
^c “Condition monitoring” referred to a subject who had a chronic condition and monitored his/her conditions in the past year. Condition monitoring refers to the monitoring of blood pressures for hypertension; and to the monitoring of blood sugar or HbA1c for diabetes
^d “Health education” refers to the uptake of lifestyle-modifying interventions from a health professional. In China, community health providers should provide “condition monitoring” and “health education” to the population-in their catchment area- who had a hypertension or diabetes free of charge
^e “Control” were defined as systolic blood pressure < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg for hypertension, HbA1c < 7% for diabetes, total cholesterol < 240 mg/dL and total triglycerides < 200 mg/dL, and HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/dL and LDL-C < 160 mg/dL for dyslipidemia, respectively

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