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Table 1 Questionnaire scale, variables, and definitions

From: Does descending health resources reform impact patient low-level hospital selection behavior? Evidence from Zhejiang, China

Variable types

Latent variables

Measurement variables

Symbol

Name

Symbol

Question items

Definition

Exogenous variables

Îľ1

Hospital image

X11

Trust for LLH

1 for negative change, 2 for no change, 3–5 for ordinary positive change

X12

Awareness for the descending hospitals

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

X13

Awareness for the descending doctors

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

Îľ2

Patient expectation

X21

Accessibility to the descending doctors

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

X22

LLH capability change

1 for negative change, 2 for no change, 3–5 for ordinary positive change

X23

Medical cost change

1 for positive change, 2 for no change, 3–5 for ordinary negative change

Îľ3

Perceived quality

X31

Convenience changes

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

X32

LLH Environment change

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

Îľ4

Reform policy

X41

Reform Recognition

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

X42

Reform information Channels

1 for public channels (newspaper, TV and hospital), private channels being 0

X43

Medical service price

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

X44

Insurance reimbursement

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

X45

Tiered medical service

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

Îľ5

Socio-demographics

X51

Gender

1 for male and 0 for female

X52

Age

1 for ≤30, 2–5 for 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and ≥ 61, respectively

X53

Education level

1 for primary or below, 2–5 for junior, high school, college or university, graduate degree, respectively

Mediating variable

Îľ6

Satisfaction

ME1

Reform satisfaction

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

ME2

LLH satisfaction

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

Endogenous variable

η

Hospital selection (Loyalty)

Y1

Intention to choose LLH

1–5 ordinary variable from very low to very high

Y2

Intention to choose LLH when suffering serious illness

1–5 ordinary variables from very low to very high

  1. Source: The authors