|
Maternal health, risk factors, and medications during pregnancy
|
Age 0–1
|
Age 2–3
|
Age 4–5
|
Age 6–7
|
Age 8–9
|
Age 10–11
|
Age 12–13
|
Age 14–15
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
N = 4977
|
N = 4485
|
N = 4264
|
N = 4088
|
N = 3922
|
N = 3574
|
N = 3097
|
N = 2960
|
|---|
|
Had asthma
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
1.49 (1.13–1.97)*
|
1.83 (1.4–2.4)**
|
1.47 (1.08–1.99)Ϯ
|
1.8 (1.3–2.49)**
|
1.91 (1.34–2.71)**
|
2.47 (1.69–3.61)**
|
1.69 (1.02–2.78)Ϯ
|
1.27 (0.72–2.24)
|
|
Gestational age at birth
|
|
On time (37–41 weeks, ref.)
|
|
Early (36 weeks or less)
|
1.37 (0.98–1.92)
|
1.54 (1.09–2.18)Ϯ
|
1.35 (0.91–2.01)
|
1.48 (0.97–2.26)
|
1.09 (0.66–1.78)
|
0.78 (0.38–1.57)
|
0.5 (0.21–1.19)
|
1.08 (0.49–2.39)
|
|
Late (42 weeks or more)
|
0.63 (0.41–0.98)Ϯ
|
1.00 (0.69–1.45)
|
1.53 (1.02–2.30)Ϯ
|
1.04 (0.67–1.63)
|
1.03 (0.63–1.70)
|
1.19 (0.67–2.1)
|
1.25 (0.66–2.38)
|
1.03 (0.50–2.1)
|
|
Pre-pregnancy obesity
|
|
Healthy weight (ref.)
|
|
Underweight
|
0.68 (0.48–0.96)Ϯ
|
0.89 (0.66–1.18)
|
0.87 (0.62–1.22)
|
0.77 (0.54–1.09)
|
0.85 (0.56–1.29)
|
0.91 (0.56–1.49)
|
1.21 (0.7–2.09)
|
0.60 (0.29–1.24)
|
|
Overweight
|
1.19 (0.94–1.51)
|
1.42 (1.15–1.74)**
|
1.12 (0.89–1.42)
|
1.02 (0.79–1.31)
|
1.22 (0.92–1.64)
|
1.1 (0.77–1.56)
|
1.47 (0.97–2.25)
|
1.28 (0.82–2.00)
|
|
Obesity
|
1.19 (0.91–1.56)
|
1.39 (1.1–1.75)*
|
1.31 (1.01–1.70)Ϯ
|
1.22 (0.93–1.61)
|
1.27 (0.92–1.75)
|
1.57 (1.1–2.23)Ϯ
|
1.41 (0.89–2.24)
|
1.27 (0.79–2.06)
|
|
Not known
|
1.50 (1.20–1.89)**
|
1.54 (1.23–1.93)**
|
1.36 (1.05–1.76)Ϯ
|
1.39 (1.06–1.82)Ϯ
|
1.21 (0.89–1.65)
|
1.39 (0.96–2)
|
1.82 (1.18–2.83)*
|
1.87 (1.17–2.99)*
|
|
Smoking during 1st trimester
|
|
None (ref.)
|
|
< =10 cigarettes daily
|
1.57 (1.17–2.1)*
|
1.52 (1.15–2.00)*
|
1.36 (0.99–1.86)
|
1.61 (1.16–2.25)*
|
1.36 (0.91–2.03)
|
1.03 (0.63–1.68)
|
1.3 (0.74–2.29)
|
1.18 (0.62–2.24)
|
|
11+ cigarettes daily
|
1.38 (0.95–2.00)
|
1.75 (1.21–2.52)*
|
1.8 (1.20–2.71)*
|
1.97 (1.28–3.01)*
|
1.54 (0.94–2.53)
|
1.56 (0.89–2.76)
|
1.11 (0.53–2.32)
|
2.61 (1.26–5.4)*
|
|
Antibiotic medication
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
1.27 (0.99–1.62)
|
1.39 (1.1–1.77)*
|
1.48 (1.13–1.94)*
|
1.16 (0.87–1.55)
|
1.06 (0.76–1.47)
|
1.29 (0.88–1.88)
|
1.01 (0.61–1.67)
|
0.96 (0.54–1.71)
|
|
Anti-depressant medication
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
1.29 (0.76–2.17)
|
1.92 (1.18–3.11)*
|
1.07 (0.60–1.93)
|
1.18 (0.65–2.11)
|
0.69 (0.31–1.53)
|
1.56 (0.76–3.2)
|
1.58 (0.62–4.01)
|
0.91 (0.27–3.03)
|
- Notes: Ϯ p < 0.05 & > 0.01, * p < 0.01 & > 0.001, ** p < 0.001, the regression models were adjusted for several covariates outlined in ‘Control variables’ sub-section of ‘Methods’ section
