Table 4 The summary and conclusion on the analysis of articles and reports on the HTA in different countries
Country income | Main topics discussed in the HTA area |
|---|---|
High-income countries | - Governance regarding regulation - Further participation of stakeholders and increasing the transparency of processes - Moving toward political learning across the borders - The emergence and continuity of national agencies performance for HTA - Following an evolutionary model and the important role of texture factors - Making decisions on the allocation of more resources - Deciding on the prioritization of technologies - Efforts for further integration and coordination of the institutions involved in the HTA - The transparency of information and data used and creation of valid and evidence-based databases - Paying attention to judgment in decision-making - Policymakers’ attention to the use of foreign knowledge and experts from other countries - Standardizing the processes of creating and using HTA - Optimal budgeting strategies - Improving the quality and reliability of the availability and efficiency of assessment methods - Increasing the stakeholders’ participation in the HTA program - The demand-orientation of the HTA system - Seeking to use efficient methods for pricing - Developing programs to improve the level of knowledge and ability of individuals and institutions involved in the HTA - Paying attention to social and ethical issues in the HTA |
Middle-income countries | - Creating official HTA programs - Increasing the awareness and training of the HTA area staff - Decision-making based on the experiences of experts rather than on evidence-based data - Determining the assessment standards and guidelines - Prioritizing the HTA to reduce financial risk - Decision-making and policy-making mostly by imitating developed countries - The lack of a centralized body for regulation and oversight - The islanding of the institutions involved in the HTA - Little knowledge of the low-level policymakers - Limited resources and low capacity to use evidence-based tools in the HTA - Political challenges and incoherent policies - New establishment of the HTA and presentation of health catalogs and tables - Institutionalizing HTA in institutions and individuals involved - Serious lack of budget and significant waste of resources - The transfer of HTA-related knowledge from developed countries - The challenge of decision-making on resource allocation |