Decomposition of factors associated with housing material inequality in under-five deaths in low and middle-income countries

Morakinyo, Oyewale Mayowa; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Adebowale, Ayo Stephen

doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00768-0

Archives of Public Health

Table 1 Distribution of sample characteristics by countries, regions and prevalence of under-five deaths in LMIC by the quality of housing material, 2010–2018

From: Decomposition of factors associated with housing material inequality in under-five deaths in low and middle-income countries

Country	Survey Year	Sample	Number of Neighbourhoods	UHM (%)	Under-5 Deaths per 1000 livebirth
Country	Survey Year	Sample	Number of Neighbourhoods	UHM (%)	Overall	UHM	IHM
Overall		798,796	59,791	58.8	53	*61	41
Eastern Africa		107,839	6163	81.5	52	*54	45
Burundi	2011	13,134	554	90.3	59	*60	41
Comoros	2012	3129	250	57.0	42	44	40
Ethiopia	2016	10,508	635	97.6	55	56	32
Kenya	2014	20,464	1544	71.2	44	*46	39
Malawi	2016	17,159	845	82.4	49	49	49
Mozambique	2011	10,950	598	85.1	74	*76	62
Rwanda	2014	7735	487	92.3	38	38	38
Tanzania	2015	9736	575	79.5	53	54	48
Uganda	2016	15,024	675	72.3	50	51	47
Middle Africa		74,834	2851	78.1	70	*76	50
Angola	2016	14,177	615	60.7	51	*60	38
Cameroon	2018	9211	404	61.3	61	*65	55
Chad	2015	18,359	620	95.3	98	99	83
Congo	2012	8858	366	52.9	50	52	48
Congo DR	2014	18,455	529	88.6	75	*77	59
Gabon	2012	5774	317	95.0	53	53	46
Southern Africa		26,797	2447	51.1	50	51	49
Lesotho	2014	2896	370	50.1	69	64	74
Namibia	2013	4902	517	65.3	44	47	38
South Africa	2016	3397	643	33.1	36	*55	26
Zambia	2018	9733	531	63.5	49	46	53
Zimbabwe	2015	5869	386	31.3	57	63	54
Western Africa		145,850	6021	61.4	81	*91	64
Benin	2018	13,349	551	52.7	70	*78	61
Burkina Faso	2010	14,887	569	85.4	89	*95	54
Cote d’Ivoire	2013	7585	344	42.5	82	*93	75
Gambia	2013	7961	278	55.5	41	40	42
Ghana	2014	5757	416	48.0	47	48	46
Guinea	2018	7839	396	50.2	87	*106	68
Liberia	2013	7438	315	64.8	70	68	73
Mali	2018	9883	344	77.6	72	*82	36
Niger	2012	12,511	475	94.5	81	*83	48
Nigeria	2018	33,480	1370	51.0	97	*120	73
Senegal	2018	6492	208	19.8	39	*52	36
Sierra Leone	2013	11,842	432	69.5	114	111	119
Togo	2013	6826	323	57.0	62	*75	46
Central Asia		10,146	652	36.0	29	32	27
Kyrgyz Rep	2012	4135	300	23.7	26	33	25
Tajikistan	2017	6011	352	43.5	30	32	28
South-Eastern Asia		17,529	1834	62.9	26	*30	21
Cambodia	2014	7081	604	85.7	29	*32	10
Philippines	2017	10,448	1230	46.4	24	26	23
Southern Asia		322,711	31,390	48.7	44	*52	36
Afghanistan	2015	32,398	945	91.2	47	*48	35
Bangladesh	2014	7214	552	69.1	41	*45	30
India	2016	245,866	26,848	41.3	44	*55	37
Indonesia	2017	17,181	1894	54.6	27	25	28
Maldives	2016	3082	260	8.0	18	14	19
Nepal	2016	4674	352	62.8	33	35	30
Pakistan	2018	12,296	539	66.4	66	*74	51
Western Asia		27,617	1986	26.8	33	*45	28
Armenia	2016	1711	305	7.8	05	05	05
Jordan	2017	10,145	918	3.6	18	11	18
Yemen	2013	15,761	763	42.4	45	47	43
Central America		22,747	1948	60.4	28	*32	22
Guatemala	2014	12,252	845	50.8	31	*39	23
Honduras	2011	10,495	1103	72.4	25	27	21
South America		9022	1318	45.9	17	*21	14
Peru	2012	9022	1318	45.9	17	*21	14
Southern Europe		2722	647	2.4	4	3	4
Albania	2018	2722	647	2.4	4	3	4
Caribbean		21,755	1796	55.6	45	*50	39
Dominican Rep	2013	3549	491	11.4	28	*51	26
Haiti	2016	6378	438	45.7	67	73	62
Myanmar	2015	4684	419	87.2	44	*46	28
Timor Leste	2016	7144	448	67.1	37	*41	28
Oceania		9227	738	99.2	40	40	23
Papua NG	2016	9227	738	99.2	40	40	23
Total		798,796	59,791	58.8	53	*61	41

*significant at 5% test of equality of proportions

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ISSN: 2049-3258

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