Table 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of adverse birth outcome among mothers gave birth at public hospitals of Wollega Zones, west Ethiopia,2020 (n = 495; Cases: 165 and controls: 330)

Age at 1st marriage

110 (33.33)

51 (30.91)

 < 18 years

189 (57.27)

105 (63.64)

1.6 (0.71,3.6)

1.44 (0.57,3.68)

0.44

 18–23 years

31 (9.39)

9 (5.45)

1.9 (0.88,4.17)

1.98 (0.83,4.7)

0.12

 > 23 years

110 (33.33)

51 (30.91)

1

1

 < 1000 birr

67 (20.3)

40 (24.24)

1.54 (0.86,2.76)

1.03 (0.5,2.09)

0.93

 1000–2000 birr

54 (16.36)

31 (18.79)

1.48 (0.8,2.75)

1.48 (0.7,3.14)

0.31

 2001–3000 birr

75 (22.73)

37 (22.42)

1.27 (0.7,2.28)

1.29 (0.64,2.59)

0.48

 3001–4000 birr

59 (17.88)

28 (16.97)

1.23 (0.66,2.28)

1.24 (0.59,2.6)

0.56

 > 4000 birr

75 (22.73)

29 (17.58)

1

1

 1–3

98 (29.7)

37 (22.42)

1

1

 4–6

197 (59.7)

107 (64.85)

1.44 (0.92,2.25)

1.56 (0.87,2.82)

0.13

 > 6

35 (10.7)

21 (12.73)

1.59 (0.82,3.07)

1.84 (0.79,4.3)

0.15

 1st pregnancy

79 (23.94)

49 (29.70)

1.39 (0.86,2.24)

1.22 (0.68,2.17)

0.49

 < 12 months

16 (4.85)

10 (6.06)

1.4 (0.6,3.28)

1.35 (0.47,3.85)

0.57

 12–17 months

26 (7.88)

10 (6.06)

0.86 (0.39,1.9)

0.4 (0.16,1.0)

0.07

 18–23 months

88 (26.67)

42 (25.45)

1.07 (0.657,1.74)

1.1 (0.64,1.96)

0.7

 > 23 months

121 (36.67)

54 (32.73)

1

 One time

16 (4.85)

33 (20)

6.25 (3.22,12.16)

3.92 (1.86,8.2)

< 0.001**

 Two times

46 (13.94)

33 (20)

2.17 (1.27,3.71)

1.6 (0.9,2.9)

0.1

 Three times

86 (26.06)

39 (23.6)

1.37 (0.85,2.22)

1.33 (0.78,2.26)

0.29

 > =4 times

182 (55.15)

60 (36.4)

1

1

 Yes

63 (19.1)

42 (25.45)

1.45 (0.93,2.26)

1.58 (0.94,2.65)

0.08

 No

267 (80.9)

123 (74.55)

1

1

 Spontaneous vaginal delivery

196 (59.39)

88 (53.33)

1

1

 Forceps

18 (5.45)

10 (6.06)

1.24 (0.55,2.79)

1.05 (0.35,3.1)

0.93

 Cesarean section

66 (20)

43 (26.06)

1.45 (0.92,2.29)

1.21 (0.65,2.27

0.54

 Vacuum delivery

45 (13.64)

20 (12.12)

0.99 (0.55,1.77)

1.1 (0.52,2.23)

0.83

 Destructive delivery

5 (1.52)

4 (2.42)

1.78 (0.47,6.79)

1.27 (0.25,6.5)

0.77

 Yes

50 (15.15)

59 (35.76)

3.12 (2.01,4.83)

2.83 (1.72,4.64)

< 0.001**

 No

280 (84.85)

106 (64.24)

1

1

 Spontaneously

269 (81.52)

125 (75.76)

1

1

 Induced

61 (18.48)

40 (24.24)

1.41 (0.9,2.21)

0.94 (0.53,1.65)

0.82

 Yes

42 (12.73)

41 (24.85)

2.27 (1.4,3.66)

1.16 (0.55,2.46)

0.69

 No

288 (87.27)

124 (75.15)

1

1

 Yes

39 (11.82)

45 (27.27)

2.8 (1.73,4.5)

2.0 (1.16,3.44)

0.01**

 No

291 (88.18)

120 (72.73)

1

1

 Yes

13 (3.94)

11 (6.67)

1.74 (0.76,3.97)

2.11 (0.76,5.83)

0.14

 No

317 (96.06)

154 (93.33)

1

1

 Yes

41 (12.42)

12 (7.27)

0.55 (0.28,1.08)

0.55 (0.25,1.2)

0.13

 No

289 (87.58)

154 (93.3)

1

1

 Yes

49 (14.85)

57 (34.55)

3.03 (1.95,4.7)

2.3 (1.4,3.85)

0.001**

 No

281 (85.15)

108 (65.45)

1

1

 > =150 cm

138 (41.82)

54 (32.73)

1

1

 < 150 cm

192 (58.18)

111 (67.27)

1.47 (0.99,2.18)

0.99 (0.587,1.67)

0.97

 Yes

216 (65.45)

92 (55.76)

1

1

 No

114 (34.55)

73 (44.24)

1.5 (1.03,2.2)

1.46 (0.94,2.27)

0.09

 No

236 (71.52)

78 (47.27)

2.8 (1.9,4.13)

2.47 (1.6,3.82)

< 0.001**

 Yes

94 (28.48)

87 (52.73)

1

1

 1st Trimester

125 (37.88)

46 (27.88)

1

1

 2nd trimester

167 (50.6)

90 (54.55)

1.46 (0.96,2.24)

1.45 (0.89,2.37)

0.13

 3rd Trimester

38 (11.51)

29 (17.57)

2.07 (1.15,3.74)

1.76 (0.88,3.53)

0.11

 < 1 h

217 (65.75)

102 (61.82)

0.72 (0.42,1.23)

0.59 (0.317,1.11)

0.1

 1-2 h

70 (21.21)

35 (21.21)

0.77 (0.41,1.43)

0.8 (0.39,1.64)

0.54

 > 2 h

43 (13.03)

28 (16.97)

1

1

 Yes

49 (14.85)

37 (22.42)

1.66 (1.03,2.67)

1.37 (0.78,2.42)

0.27

 No

281 (85.15)

128 (77.58)

1

 Yes

23 (6.97)

21 (12.73)

1.95 (1.04,3.63)

2.13 (1.05,4.32)

0.036**

 No

307 (93.03)

144 (87.27)

1

1

 Yes

76 (23.03)

52 (31.52)

1.54 (1.01,2.33)

0.76 (0.42,1.36)

0.35

 No

254 (76.97)

113 (68.48)

1

1