Table 1 Summary of studies conducted on the effect of postnatal depression on birth and infant health outcome

[1]

Bindt C et al. 2013

Middle, Ghana

HI

Longitudinal

719

3rd

PHQ-9 > 10

PTB

2.1

0.8

5.6

[2]

Wado WD et al. 2014

Low, Ethiopia

Community

Longitudinal

537

2nd & 3rd

EPDS > 13

LBW

1.77

1.03

3.04

[3]

Mochache K et al. 2018

Kenya, Middle

HI

Longitudinal

255

All

EPDS > 13

PTB

3.8

2.1

4.6

[4]

Adewuya AO et al. 2008

Nigeria, Middle

HI

case control

242

6 to 12 weeks

DSM-III-R

Poor weight

3.41

1.3

8.52

Poor height

3.28

1.03

10.47

[5]

Ndokera R et al. 20,011

Zambia, Middle

Community

Cross sectional

278

2 to 12 months

SRQ-20 > 8

Serious illness

1.64

0.51

5.24

Diarrhea

1.32

0.71

2.48

Underweight

1.48

0.35

6.22

[6]

Guo N et al. 2013

Ghana, Middle

HI

Follow up

654

3rd

PHQ > 10

Febrile illnesses

1.32

1.01

1.74

[7]

Guo N et al. 2013

Cote devour, Middle

HI

Follow up

654

3rd

PHQ > =10

Febrile illnesses

1.57

1.2

2.07

[8]

Ashaba Set al 2015

Uganda, Low

HI

case control

166

1 to five yrs

(M.I.N.I.)

Malnutrition

2.4

1.11

5.18

[9]

Weobong B et al. 2015

Ghana, Middle

Community

longitudinal

16,560

4 to 12 weeks

PHQ-9 > 10

Diarrhea

1.8

1.45

2.14

cough

1.49

1.28

1.7

Fever

1.8

1.49

2.11

Vomiting

1.98

1.26

2.71

[10]

Madeghe BA et al. 2016

Kenya, Middle

HI

cross sectional

200

6 to 14 weeks

EPDS > 13

Non-EB

6.14

2.45

13.36

Under weight

4.4

1.91

11.93

[11]

Wemakor A et al. 2016

Ghana, Middle

HI

cross sectional

384

0–59 months

CED-S > 16

Stunting

2.48

1.29

4.77

[12]

Benett IM et al. 2015

Ethiopia, Low

Community

longitudinal

1885

13 months

CED > 9

Stunting

0.91

0.81

1.02

underweight

1.01

0.89

1.15

[13]

Neamah H et al. 2018

Tanzania

Community

Follow up

1031

18–36 months

PHQ-9 > 9

Stunting

1.07

0.73

1.56

[14]

Wemakor A et al. 2018

Ghana, Middle

Community

Cross sectional

200

6–23 months

CES-D > 20

Stunting

1.05

0.58

1.91