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Table 2 Number and prevalence of healthcare-associated infections reported in the Belgian HALT surveys, 2010-2016

From: Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in Belgian nursing homes: results of three point prevalence surveys between 2010 and 2016

 

HALT-1 (2010)

HALT-2 (2013)

HALT-3 (2016)

n (%)

Crude prevalence (%)

n (%)

Crude prevalence (%)

n (%)

Crude prevalence (%)

All HAI types

344 (100.0)

2.89

325 (100.0)

3.71

557 (100.0)

3.44

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs)

166 (48.3)

1.39

119 (36.6)

1.36

242 (43.4)

1.49

 Common cold/pharyngitis

57 (34.3)

0.48

35 (29.4)

0.40

106 (43.8)

0.65

 Influenza-like illness

3 (1.8)

0.03

5 (4.2)

0.06

4 (1.7)

0.02

 Pneumonia

15 (9.0)

0.13

10 (8.4)

0.11

11 (4.5)

0.07

 Other lower RTIs

91 (54.8)

0.76

69 (58.0)

0.79

121 (50.0)

0.75

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

35 (10.2)

0.29

111 (34.1)

1.27

172 (30.9)

1.06

 Confirmed UTIs

-

-

57 (51.4)

0.65

100 (58.1)

0.62

 Probable UTIsa

-

-

54 (48.6)

0.62

72 (41.9)

0.44

Skin infections

67 (19.5)

0.56

45 (13.8)

0.51

88 (15.8)

0.54

 Cellulitis/soft tissue/wound infections

60 (89.6)

0.50

43 (95.6)

0.49

70 (79.5)

0.43

 Herpes simplex or zoster infections

2 (3.0)

0.02

1 (2.2)

0.01

4 (4.5)

0.02

 Fungal infections

5 (7.5)

0.04

1 (2.2)

0.01

14 (15.9)

0.09

 Scabies

0 (0.0)

0.00

0 (0.0)

0.00

0 (0.0)

0.00

Gastrointestinal infections

18 (5.2)

0.15

20 (6.2)

0.23

18 (3.2)

0.11

 Gastroenteritis

-

-

17 (85.0)

0.19

18 (100.0)

0.11

Clostridioides difficile infections

-

-

3 (15.0)

0.03

0 (0.0)

0.00

Eye, ear, nose & mouth infections

34 (9.9)

0.29

15 (4.6)

0.17

18 (3.2)

0.11

 Conjunctivitis

24 (70.6)

0.20

10 (66.7)

0.11

12 (66.7)

0.07

 Ear infections

2 (5.9)

0.02

3 (20.0)

0.03

0 (0.0)

0.00

 Sinusitis

1 (2.9)

0.01

1 (6.7)

0.01

0 (0.0)

0.00

 Oral candidiasis

7 (20.6)

0.06

1 (6.7)

0.01

6 (33.3)

0.04

Bloodstream infections

1 (0.3)

0.01

1 (0.3)

0.01

0 (0.0)

0.00

Unexplained fever

2 (0.6)

0.02

9 (2.8)

0.10

8 (1.4)

0.05

Other infections

21 (6.1)

0.18

5 (1.5)

0.06

8 (1.4)

0.05

Unknown

-

-

-

-

3 (0.5)

0.02

  1. a Sufficient signs/symptoms but no microbiological evidence (urine culture test not done or result negative or unknown) to confirm the UTI; HAI: healthcare-associated infections