Table 3 Characteristics of financial incentives
From: Do financial aspects affect care transitions in long-term care systems? A systematic review
Article | Type of financial incentive | Aim of the mechanism | Group targeted through mechanism | Intervention setting | Intervention country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anell & Glenngard (2014) [26] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (use of outcome and process indicators) | No information provided | Older adults | Primary care | Sweden |
Baumann et al., (2007) [27] | PENALTY For delays from hospital | Inter-agency collaboration ↑ Efficiency of discharge ↑ Discharge planning arrangements ↑ | Older adults | Hospital + Social sector | United Kingdom |
Birkmeyer et al., (2010) [28] | REIMBURSMENT MECHANISM Bundled payment for care around a surgical episode | Coordination of care ↑ Quality of care ↑ Cost-efficiency ↑ | No specific requirement | Hospital + Primary care + other care providers | United States |
Busetto et al., (2017) [29] | REIMBURSMENT MECHANISM G-DRG -For the integrated care intervention + obligatory number of treatment sessions | Effectiveness ↑ Efficiency ↑ Patient centeredness ↑ Satisfaction ↑ Safety ↑ | Older adults | Hospital | Germany |
Briggs & Carvalho (2018) [30] | Information not provided | Information not provided | Older adults | Information not provided | Information not provided |
Chen & Cheng (2016) [31] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (For providing enhanced, guideline-based care) | Healthcare provision ↑ Continuity-of-care ↑ Healthcare outcomes ↑ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | Taiwan |
Cheng, Lee & Chen (2012) [32] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (for 3 types of comprehensive visits) | Healthcare provision ↑ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | Taiwan |
Pan, Kung, Chiu, Liao & Tsai (2017) [33] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (For improvement in 4 indicators, additional bonus for being the best) | Patient outcomes ↑ Quality of care ↑ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | Taiwan |
Ekdahl (2013) [34] | Information not provided | Information not provided | Older adults | Information not provided | Information not provided |
Fagan et al., (2010) [35] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (Bonus payment for meeting specific quality indicator goals) | Quality of care ↑ Resource use ↓ | No specific requirement | Primary care | United States |
Hollander & Kadiec (2015) [36] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (For providing enhanced, guideline-based care) | Annual healthcare costs ↓, Hospital utilization ↓ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | Canada |
Huitberg, Glendinning, Allebeck & Lönnroth (2005) [37] | REIMBURSMENT MECHANISM Pooled budgets to integrate health and welfare services (social and other services) | Coordination ↑ Efficiency ↑ Flexibility in the use of resources ↑ | No specific requirement | Health care providers + Social sector | United Kingdom |
Kasteridis et al., (2016) [38] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (for identification and annual review of dementia patients) | Discharge process ↑ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | United Kingdom |
Kim et al., (2015) [39] | REIMBURSMENT MECHANISM Prospective payments based on DRG – DRG-specific short stay threshold | Short-stays in the long-term care hospitals ↓ Unnecessary transfers ↓ | requirement | Hospital | United States |
|  | PENALTY For short stay under the threshold | Short-stays in the long-term care hospitals ↓ Unnecessary transfers ↓ | No specific No specific requirement | Hospital | United States |
Laugaland, Aase & Waring (2014) [40] | PENALTY For delayed discharge from the hospital | Patient flow ↑ Delayed discharge ↓ | No specific requirement | Municipality (primary care) | Norway |
Nishi, Maeda & Babazono (2017) [41] | REWARD For the inter-provider care-planning | Length of stay ↓ Total charge ↓ | Older adults + with specific condition/disease | Hospital | Japan |
Nolan (2011) [42] | REIMBURSMENT MECHANISM Eligibility for free primary care | Avoidable hospitalizations↓ | Older adults | Primary care | Ireland |
Pizer & Gardner (2011) [43] | REIMBURSMENT MECHANISM Fragmented financing | Continuity-of-care ↓ Health outcomes ↓ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | United States |
Yu, Tsai & Kung (2013) [44] | REWARD Pay-for-performance (for improved health outcomes) | Holistic care ↑ Emergency department visits ↓ | With specific condition/disease | Primary care | Taiwan |
Total Number of studies shown in parentheses | Rewards (9) Reimbursement mechanism (6) Penalties (3) | Â | With specific condition/disease (8) Older adults (7) No specific requirement (6) | Primary care (12) Hospital (6) Social sector (2) Health care providers (1) Other care providers (1) | United States (5) Taiwan (4) United Kingdom (3) Sweden (1) Japan (1) Germany (1) Canada (1) Norway (1) Ireland (1) Information not provided (2) |