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Table 1 Basic characteristics of participants according to insomnia. China, 2017

From: Association between insomnia and subclinical atherosclerosis among Chinese steelworkers: a cross-sectional survey

Variables

Total

Non-insomnia

Insomnia

p-Value

N = 3240

n = 2097

n = 1143

Plaque, n (%)

1028 (31.7)

644 (29.7)

426 (35.5)

<0.001

Plaque score (mm), median (IQR)

2.8 (1.8, 4.8)

3.2 (1.9, 5.3)

2.3 (1.6, 4.0)

<0.001

Age (years), mean (SD)

46.1 (8.1)

46.1 (8.2)

46.2 (7.9)

0.627

Sleep duration (h), mean (SD)

6.8 (1.2)

6.8 (1.1)

6.6 (1.3)

<0.001

DASH score, mean (SD)

21.4 (2.4)

21.5 (2.4)

21.3 (2.3)

0.014

Physical activity (MET-h/week), median (IQR)

113.0 (79.6, 158.7)

111.3 (77.6, 158.3)

121.6 (83.3, 167.8)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

25.3 (3.3)

25.4 (3.3)

25.3 (3.3)

0.530

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

130.3 (16.6)

129.9 (16.3)

131.2 (17.0)

0.031

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

83.3 (10.6)

83.1 (10.4)

83.8 (10.9)

0.078

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD)

6.2 (1.4)

6.1 (1.4)

6.2 (1.4)

0.510

Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD)

5.1 (1.0)

5.1 (1.0)

5.2 (1.0)

0.271

Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean (SD)

1.7 (1.6)

1.7 (1.6)

1.8 (1.6)

0.753

HDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD)

1.3 (0.3)

1.3 (0.3)

1.3 (0.3)

0.155

LDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD)

3.3 (0.9)

3.2 (0.9)

3.3 (0.9)

0.183

Age (years), n (%)

   

0.398

 23–29

155 (4.8)

106 (5.1)

49 (4.3)

 

 30–39

532 (16.4)

349 (16.6)

183 (16.0)

 

 40–49

1234 (38.1)

778 (37.1)

456 (39.9)

 

 50–60

1319 (40.7)

864 (41.2)

455 (39.8)

 

Education level, n (%)

   

0.994

 Primary or Middle

969 (29.9)

627 (29.9)

342 (29.9)

 

 High school or college

1707 (52.7)

1106 (52.7)

601 (52.6)

 

 University and above

564 (17.4)

364 (17.4)

200 (17.5)

 

Marital status, n (%)

   

0.630

 Unmarried

102 (3.2)

69 (3.3)

33 (2.9)

 

 Married

3059 (94.4)

1980 (94.4)

1079 (94.4)

 

 Other

79 (2.4)

48 (2.3)

31 (2.7)

 

Smoking status, n (%)

   

0.820

 Never/Ever

1409 (43.5)

915 (43.6)

494 (43.2)

 

 Current

1831 (56.5)

1182 (56.4)

649 (56.8)

 

Drinking status, n (%)

   

0.122

 Never/Ever

1890 (58.3)

1244 (59.3)

646 (56.5)

 

 Current

1350 (41.7)

853 (40.7)

497 (43.5)

 

DASH score, n (%)

   

0.024

 <20

573 (17.7)

346 (16.5)

227 (19.9)

 

 20–21

1083 (33.4)

688 (32.8)

395 (34.6)

 

 22–23

1034 (31.9)

691 (33.0)

343 (30.0)

 

 ≥24

550 (17.0)

372 (17.7)

178 (15.6)

 

Physical activity, n (%)

   

0.290

 Low

35 (1.1)

27 (1.3)

8 (0.7)

 

 Moderate

226 (7.0)

148 (7.1)

78 (6.8)

 

 High

2979 (91.9)

1922 (91.6)

1057 (92.5)

 

BMI (kg/m2), n (%)

   

0.762

 <25

1559 (48.1)

1000 (47.7)

559 (48.9)

 

 25–30

1417 (43.7)

927 (44.2)

490 (42.9)

 

 ≥30

264 (8.2)

170 (8.1)

94 (8.2)

 

Shift work, n (%)

   

0.021

 Never/Ever

1292 (39.9)

867 (41.3)

425 (37.2)

 

 Current

1948 (60.1)

1230 (58.7)

718 (62.8)

 

Sleep duration (hour), n (%)

   

<0.001

 <6

399 (12.3)

187 (8.9)

212 (18.6)

 

 ≥6

2841 (87.7)

1910 (91.1)

931 (81.4)

 

Snore, n (%)

956 (29.5)

575 (27.4)

381 (33.3)

<0.001

Sleep drug, n (%)

151 (4.7)

68 (3.2)

83 (7.3)

<0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

1093 (33.7)

692 (33.0)

401 (35.1)

0.231

Diabetes, n (%)

465 (14.4)

283 (13.5)

182 (15.9)

0.060

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

1321 (40.8)

866 (41.3)

455 (39.8)

0.410

  1. Values are expressed as the mean (SD) or median (IQR) or number (%); p values were from Pearson’s χ 2 test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. DASH dietary approaches to stop hypertension, MET metabolic equivalent of task, BMI body mass index, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol
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