Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants according to DII Quartiles (RaNCD cohort data, N = 9811)
Variable | Frequency (%), Mean ± SD | P value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Most Anti-Inflammatory) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (Most Pro-Inflammatory) | ||
Frequency | n = 2451 | n = 2430 | n = 2463 | n = 2467 |  |
DII range | (−6.18, −3.54) | (− 3.54, − 2.68) | (− 2.69, − 1.38) | (−1.38, 4.27) |  |
Sex |  |  |  |  | <  0.001 |
 Male | 983 (40.11) | 1083 (44.57) | 1214 (49.29) | 1449 (58.74) | |
 Female | 1468 (59.89) | 1347 (55.43) | 1249 (50.71) | 1018 (41.26) | <  0.001 |
Residence place | |||||
 Urban | 934 (38.11) | 1280 (52.67) | 1674 (67.97) | 1991 (80.71) | <  0.001 |
 Rural | 1517 (61.89) | 1150 (47.33) | 789 (32.03) | 476 (19.29) | |
Alcohol use | |||||
 No | 2373 (96.82) | 2334 (96.05) | 2344 (95.17) | 2278 (92.34) | <  0.001 |
 Yes | 78 (3.18) | 96 (3.95) | 119 (4.83) | 189 (7.66) | |
Socio-economic status | |||||
 1(poorest) | 780 (31.84) | 499 (20.54) | 326 (13.24) | 329 (13.35) | <  0.001 |
 2 | 544 (22.20) | 502 (20.67) | 470 (19.08) | 433 (17.57) | |
 3 | 410 (16.73) | 510 (21) | 519 (21.07) | 525 (21.30) | |
 4 | 365 (14.90) | 475 (19.56) | 565 (22.94) | 566 (22.96) | |
 5 (richest) | 351 (14.33) | 443 (18.24) | 583 (23.67) | 612 (24.83) | |
Marital status | |||||
 Married | 2114 (86.25) | 2193 (90.25) | 2245 (91.15) | 2294 (92.99) | <  0.001 |
 Single | 156 (6.36) | 105 (4.32) | 90 (3.65) | 67 (2.72) | |
 Widowed/Divorced | 181 (7.39) | 132 (5.43) | 128 (5.2) | 106 (4.3) | |
Physical activity (Met-h/week) | |||||
 Light | 722 (29.46) | 788 (32.43) | 749 (30.41) | 716 (29.02) | < 0.001 |
 Moderate | 1242 (50.67) | 1138 (46.83) | 1233 (50.06) | 1135 (46.01) | |
 High | 487 (19.87) | 504 (20.74) | 481 (19.53) | 616 (24.97) | |
Smoking status | |||||
 No | 1962 (80.08) | 1962 (80.81) | 1960 (79.61) | 1892 (76.75) | 0.003 |
 Yes | 488 (19.92) | 466 (19.19) | 502 (20.39) | 573 (23.25) | |
Diabetes | |||||
 No | 2241 (91.88) | 2221 (91.81) | 2246 (91.56) | 2209 (90.09) | 0.086 |
 Yes | 198 (8.12) | 198 (8.19) | 207 (8.44) | 243 (9.91) | |
Hypertension | |||||
 No | 2007 (81.88) | 2073 (85.31) | 2090 (84.86) | 2095 (84.92) | 0.003 |
 Yes | 444 (18.12) | 357 (14.69) | 373 (15.14) | 372 (15.08) | |
Age (year) | 48.71 ± 8.46 | 47.58 ± 8.33 | 46.81 ± 8.16 | 46.20 ± 7.89 | 0.004 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.99 ± 4.68 | 27.40 ± 4.62 | 27.58 ± 4.60 | 27.95 ± 4.56 | 0.668 |
WHR | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.061 | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.054 |
TG (mg/dl) | 134.20 ± 81.09 | 134.51 ± 76.98 | 137.99 ± 82.40 | 142.95 ± 89.37 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 48.03 ± 11.55 | 46.94 ± 11.31 | 45.80 ± 11.31 | 44.49 ± 10.77 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 103.40 ± 25.99 | 102.24 ± 25.23 | 101.18 ± 24.62 | 101.12 ± 25.73 | 0.041 |
T-C (mg/dl) | 187.40 ± 38.69 | 185.95 ± 37.48 | 184.06 ± 36.85 | 183.63 ± 38.20 | 0.083 |
Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1904.96 ± 691.66 | 2052.14 ± 720.88 | 2328.54 ± 822.37 | 2904.19 ± 1059.81 | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate (%E) | 66.16 ± 8.69 | 65.37 ± 7.59 | 63.89 ± 7.48 | 62.63 ± 7.95 | < 0.001 |
Protein (%E) | 14.97 ± 1.73 | 15.58 ± 1.95 | 15.83 ± 1.94 | 16.56 ± 2.32 | < 0.001 |
Oil/Fat (%E) | 18.22 ± 8.47 | 18.61 ± 7.16 | 20.08 ± 7.14 | 21.03 ± 7.44 | < 0.001 |