Table 5 The steps and sub-steps of the EBDM framework resulted from thematic analysis
Steps (frequency of references) | Sub-Steps (frequency of reference) |
|---|---|
Situation analysis and priority setting (7) | Identifying and prioritizing the problem (4) |
Surveying the results of previous interventions (4) | |
Determining information gaps (2) | |
Quantifying the issue and developing a statement (2) | Developing the conceptual model for the issue (3) |
Experts’ opinions/experiments (1) | |
Capacity building (2) | Understanding the context (2) and building an evidence-based culture (1) |
Gaining leadership support & commitment (3) | |
Identifying the capabilities required by employees and their skills weaknesses (3) | |
Training (1) | |
Developing the necessary infrastructures and structures (1) | |
Assigning mandates (1) and determining incentives (2) | |
Evidence acquisition and integration (10) | Developing an efficient search strategy (2) |
Finding the sources for seeking the evidence (6) according to 6S Pyramid (1) including: Scientific literature (2), Rapid Reviews (1), Expert panels (1), Patient’s experience (1), Professional expertise (1), Consultation (1), case studies (1) | |
Keeping track of search results (1) | |
Evidence appraising (7) | Sourcing the evidence (1), library services and reference managers (1) |
Appraising and selecting the evidence according to appropriate appraisal tools/methods such as: AGREE II instrument, AMSTAR Tool, Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Tools, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (1), Benefits & risks, feasibility, applicability, and transferability data (5) | |
Analysis, synthesis and interpretation of data (7) | Data extraction (1) |
Data analysis and synthesis (3) according to: evidence format, style of presentation, accessibility, validity, context sensitivity, applicability, timeliness | |
Determining potential features (scope, components, knowledge brokers, target audience, methods) (1) | |
Translation of data into user-friendly formats (1) using knowledge translation planning tools (1) | |
Developing evidence- based alternatives (8) | Engaging community and stakeholders (3) and participatory decision making (3) |
Developing program logic (1) and defining proposed change alternatives (1) | |
Identifying needed resources (1) | |
Planning implementation and evaluation process and strategies (1) | |
Defining outcomes to be achieved (29, 30) and develop indicators (1) | |
Pilot implementation of selected alternatives (10) | Resources allocation (1) |
Pilot change in practice (1) | |
Assessing barriers and enablers for implementation (1) | |
Evaluate alternative (8) | Collecting baseline data (1) |
Evaluating processes and outcomes (2) and revise (1) | |
Deciding to adapt, adopt, or reject practice change ((1) | |
Assessing factors for success and sustainability (1) | |
Checking the program checklist (1) | |
Integrate and maintain change in practice (1) | Disseminating evidence results to decision makers (2), Essential information conveyed effectively to target audiences/stakeholders (2) |
Integrating change into standards of practice (1) or discontinue program or policy (1) | |
Thoughts for future and adaptions (1) |