Table 2 Intervention details
Study & delivery | Duration & frequency | Physical activity | OA education | Nutrition | Pain management | CBT | Other (reminders, equipment, etc.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alasfour & Almarwani 2020 [25] App-based | Duration: 6 weeks Frequency: NR | Strengthening exercises for lower-limb muscles | X | X | X | X | • Alerts and monitoring system. • Resistance band |
Allen et al. 2018 [26] Internet-based | Duration: 16 weeks Frequency: 3 times per week | Tailored strengthening, stretching and aerobic exercise with progressions | X | X | Pain monitoring | X | • Automated reminders • Progress tracking • Ankle weights and resistance bands |
Allen et al. 2021 [27] Internet-based | Duration: 9 months Frequency: 3 times per week | Tailored strengthening, stretching and aerobic exercise with progressions | X | X | Pain monitoring | X | • Automated reminders • Tracking progress • Ankle weights and resistance bands |
Bennell et al. 2017 [28] Internet-based | Duration: 12 weeks Frequency: 1 PCST module and 3 exercise sessions per week | Individualised lower-limb-strengthening exercise program | Weeks 1–8: Education material on a range of topicsa | Education about healthy eating | Education regarding pain management | Weeks 1–8: PCSTb | • Resistance bands and ankle weights • Email reminders • Optional pedometer |
Bennell et al. 2018 [31] Internet-based | Duration: 24 weeks Frequency: 1 PCST module and 3 exercise sessions per week | Weeks 8–24: Individualised lower-limb-strengthening and flexibility exercises | Weeks 1–8: Education material on a range of topicsa | Education about healthy eating | Education regarding pain management | Weeks 1–8: PCSTb | • Email reminders |
Bossen et al. 2013 [15] Internet-based | Duration: 9 weeks Frequency: 1 module per week | Self-paced, graded, self-selected physical activity program | Education about OA | X | X | X | • Web-based messages and emails • Goal settings |
Gohir et al. 2021 [22] App-based | Duration: 6 weeks Frequency: daily exercises | Leg strengthening, core stability and balance | Education about OA, treatments, managing symptoms, behaviour change and healthy lifestyle | X | X | X | • Daily emails or notifications • Quizzes |
Kloek et al. 2018 [34] Internet-based | Duration: 12 weeks Frequency: | Self-selected aerobic exercise and 2 strength exercises progressed gradually | Weekly videos about OA etiology, medication, and social influences on pain | Information regarding weight management | Education regarding pain management | X | •Weekly automatic emails •Tailored feedback |
Nelligan 2021 [30] Internet-based | Duration: 24 weeks Frequency: 3 times per week | Lower limb strengthening exercise program | Education about living with knee OA and treatments | X | Education about managing exercise pain | X | • Regular automated messages and prompts •Logbooks |
Pelle et al. 2020 [32] App-based | Duration: 26 weeks Frequency: daily exercises | Exercise library containing 10 exercises | OA education and treatment, generic lifestyle advice, physical activity and vitality | Information and goal setting regarding nutrition for weight management | X | Goal setting | • Tailored goals • Daily notification /reminders •Rewards |
Rini et al. 2015 [33] Internet-based | Duration: 8 weeks Frequency: 1 PCST module per week | X | X | X | Education regarding pain management | PCSTb | •Automatic reminders • Earn badges • COACHtrack to self-monitor • COACHchat for social support |