Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants across WC change trajectory groups
Demographics | WC trajectories group | Statistics | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loss | Stable | Moderate gain | Substantial gain | |||
No. Participants | 351 | 1216 | 812 | 222 | Â | Â |
Follow-up duration (year) | 8.1 ± 5.0 | 8.6 ± 5.6 | 9.1 ± 5.7 | 8.8 ± 5.1 | 3.370 | 0.018 |
No. Death during the follow-up, N (%) | 80 (22.8) | 232 (19.1) | 184 (22.7) | 66 (29.7) | 14.058 | 0.003 |
 Age (y) at baseline | 68.0 ± 6.4 | 66.9 ± 5.8 | 67.1 ± 6.1 | 68.9 ± 7.0 | 8.420 |  < 0.001 |
 Gender, N (%) | ||||||
  Male | 159 (45.3) | 602 (49.5) | 395 (48.7) | 88 (39.6) | 8.455 | 0.038 |
  Female | 192 (54.7) | 614 (50.5) | 417 (51.0) | 134 (60.4) | ||
 Location, N (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Urban | 200 (57.0) | 612 (50.3) | 361 (44.5) | 94 (42.3) | 20.363 |  < 0.001 |
  Rural | 151 (43.0) | 604 (49.7) | 451 (55.5) | 128 (57.7) | ||
 Education year (y) at baseline, N (%) | 4.6 ± 4.9 | 5.1 ± 5.0 | 4.2 ± 4.6 | 3.9 ± 4.6 | 7.400 |  < 0.001 |
  never | 129 (40.3) | 387 (34.5) | 309 (41.3) | 96 (47.1) | 28.647 | 0.004 |
   < 6 years | 67 (20.9) | 235 (21.0) | 171 (22.8) | 36 (17.7) | ||
  6–8 years | 32 (10.0) | 158 (14.1) | 85 (11.4) | 27 (13.2) | ||
  9–11 years | 51 (15.9) | 168 (15.0) | 104 (13.9) | 26 (12.8) | ||
   >  11 years | 41 (12.8) | 173 (15.4) | 80 (10.7) | 19 (9.3) | ||
Income (yuan) at baseline | 13,071.5 ± 16,000.6 | 11,786.0 ± 11,944.0 | 9936.5 ± 14,012.2 | 11,291.4 ± 17,779.3 | 3.780 | 0.010 |
Behavior at baseline | ||||||
 Cigarette Smoker, N (%) | 95 (27.2) | 381 (31.4) | 276 (34.0) | 67 (30.3) | 6.637 | 0.356 |
 Alcohol Drinker, N (%) | 99 (28.5) | 385 (31.8) | 263 (32.5) | 56 (25.2) | 5.715 | 0.126 |
 Physical Activities (MET-hours/day) | 7.8 ± 9.3 | 8.1 ± 10.3 | 7.2 ± 10.1 | 6.9 ± 9.6 | 1.960 | 0.119 |
Anthropometry at baseline | ||||||
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.9 ± 20.7 | 132.7 ± 20.1 | 130.2 ± 20.8 | 131.1 ± 21.7 | 8.980 |  < 0.0001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.0 ± 12.7 | 81.4 ± 12.2 | 80.0 ± 12.6 | 81.2 ± 12.6 | 8.530 |  < 0.0001 |
 Height (cm) | 158.8 ± 9.1 | 158.7 ± 8.6 | 157.7 ± 8.5 | 157.0 ± 8.6 | 3.920 | 0.008 |
 Weight (Kg) | 62.4 ± 11.9 | 60.1 ± 11.4 | 54.8 ± 10.0 | 52.8 ± 9.8 | 72.110 |  < 0.001 |
 WC (cm) | 92.5 ± 8.4 | 85.6 ± 9.0 | 76.4 ± 7.9 | 71.1 ± 7.2 | 494.600 |  < 0.001 |
  Lean, N (%) | 9(2.4) | 203(16.7) | 391(48.2) | 147(66.1) | 884.583 |  < 0.001 |
  Normal, N (%) | 46(13.0) | 274(22.5) | 246(30.3) | 58(26.4) | ||
  Morderate-high, N (%) | 73(20.9) | 378(31.1) | 137(16.8) | 17(7.5) | ||
  High, N (%) | 223(63.6) | 361(29.7) | 38(4.7) | 0(0.0) | ||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 4.2 | 23.8 ± 3.6 | 21.9 ± 3.1 | 21.4 ± 3.0 | 72.110 |  < 0.001 |
  Lean, N (%) | 27 (7.7) | 76 (6.3) | 103 (12.7) | 45 (20.3) | 208.553 |  < 0.001 |
  Normal, N (%) | 138 (39.3) | 581 (47.8) | 505 (62.2) | 134 (60.4) | ||
  Overweight, N (%) | 124 (35.3) | 411 (33.8) | 181 (22.3) | 38 (17.1) | ||
  Obesity, N (%) | 62 (17.7) | 148 (12.2) | 23 (2.8) | 5 (2.3) | ||
Dietary Total Energy (kcal) at baseline | 1956.0 ± 590.6 | 1988.5 ± 672.5 | 2038.6 ± 693.9 | 2005.1 ± 695.1 | 1.500 | 0.212 |
Chronic disease | ||||||
 Diabetes | 52 (14.8) | 128 (10.5) | 53 (6.5) | 11 (5.0) | 26.963 |  < 0.001 |
 Myocardial infarction | 26 (7.4) | 54 (4.4) | 35 (4.3) | 7 (3.1) | 7.401 | 0.060 |
 Stroke | 39 (11.1) | 92 (7.6) | 58 (7.1) | 13 (5.9) | 7.122 | 0.068 |
 Cancer | 2 (0.57) | 22 (1.81) | 10 (1.23) | 1 (0.45) | 4.979 | 0.173 |