Table 1 The bivariate distribution of stunting and severe stunting with sample characteristics using MICS 2019 data from Bangladesh

Household Members

0.163

0.069

  <=3

14.16

0.2694 (26.94)

(0.2519907–0.2873285)

0.0775 (7.75)

(0.0673123–0.0887885)

  4–6

68.64

0.2554 (25.54)

(0.2475905–0.2632729)

0.0775 (7.75)

(0.0728217–0.0824734)

  > = 7

17.20

0.2686 (26.86)

(0.2528423–0.284843)

0.0901 (9.01)

(0.0800974–0.100894)

Age (Months)

< 0.001

< 0.001

  0 to < 6

12.24

0.1630 (16.30)

(0.1475978–0.1793465)

0.0621 (6.21)

(0.0522679–0.0731916)

  6 to < 12

10.87

0.1867 (18.67)

(0.1694561–0.2050035)

0.0631 (6.31)

(0.0526106–0.0750099)

  12 to < 24

21.93

0.2847 (28.47)

(0.2704294–0.2992424)

0.0905 (9.05)

(0.081566–0.0999811)

  24 to < 36

20.06

0.3229 (32.29)

(0.3074236–0.33864)

0.1037 (10.37)

(0.0938353–0.1142968)

  36 to < 48

18.78

0.2932 (29.32)

(0.2777072–0.3091417)

0.0816 (8.16)

(0.072468–0.0915005)

  48 to < 60

16.12

0.2302 (23.02)

(0.2147923–0.2462167)

0.0575 (5.75)

(0.0491617–0.0667055)

Gender

< 0.001

0.271

  Male

52.53

0.2646 (26.46)

(0.255586–0.2737319)

0.0818 (8.18)

(0.0763195–0.0876391)

  Female

47.47

0.2542 (25.42)

(0.2448175–0.2636666)

0.0773 (7.73)

(0.0716738–0.0832865)

Area

< 0.001

0.071

  Urban

19.68

0.2275 (22.75)

(0.2135702–0.2418622)

0.0723 (7.23)

(0.0639082–0.0815099)

  Rural

80.32

0.2675 (26.75)

(0.2602045–0.2749147)

0.0815 (8.15)

(0.0770331–0.0861536)

Division

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Barishal

9.35

0.2667 (26.67)

(0.245167–0.2753425)

0.0862 (8.62)

(0.0730781–0.1009056)

  Chattogram

18.20

0.2545 (25.45)

(0.2453603–0.2888139)

0.0798 (7.98)

(0.0706173–0.0897611)

  Dhaka

18.93

0.2600 (26.00)

(0.2394194–0.2699869)

0.0876 (8.76)

(0.0781742–0.097735)

  Khulna

14.86

0.2001 (20.01)

(0.1848487–0.2159838)

0.0385 (3.85)

(0.0314134–0.0466015)

  Mymenshing

6.11

0.3099 (30.99)

(0.2822769–0.3386249)

0.0908 (9.08)

(0.074268–0.1096732)

  Rajshahi

11.64

0.2509 (25.06)

(0.2319099–0.2700397)

0.0649 (6.49)

(0.0545517–0.0764521)

  Rangpur

13.39

0.2656 (26.56)

(0.2477871–0.283971)

0.1008 (10.08)

(0.0888687–0.1136772)

  Sylhet

7.53

0.3424 (34.24)

(0.3168128–0.3687823)

0.1093 (10.93)

(0.0929921–0.1274525)

Education of Mother

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Pre-primary or none

10.89

0.3682 (36.82)

(0.3464627–0.3902887)

0.1250 (12.50)

(0.1104685–0.1406971)

  Primary

24.87

0.3097 (30.97)

(0.2960008–0.3237079)

0.1005 (10.05)

(0.0917032–0.1098031)

  Secondary

49.17

0.2364 (23.64)

(0.2274482–0.2455214)

0.0671 (6.71)

(0.0618947–0.072587)

  Higher secondary+

15.08

0.1744 (17.44)

(0.1601345–0.1894734)

0.0538 (5.38)

(0.0455437–0.0631615)

Education of Father

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Pre-primary or none

20.80

0.3340 (33.40)

(0.3186501–0.3495665)

0.1072 (10.72)

(0.0973299–0.1177096)

  Primary

31.98

0.2866 (28.66)

(0.2747327–0.2986043)

0.0887 (8.87)

(0.0813439–0.0964212)

  Secondary

31.18

0.2281 (22.81)

(0.2170497–0.2395045)

0.0629 (6.29)

(0.0566008–0.0696741)

  Higher secondary+

16.04

0.1708 (17.08)

(0.1570114–0.1852121)

0.0588 (5.88)

(0.0504019 0.0681796)

Wealth Index quintile

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Poorest

26.18

0.3405 (34.05)

(0.3267383–0.3544001)

0.1103 (11.03)

(0.1013546–0.1197179)

  Second

22.37

0.2835 (28.35)

(0.2694019–0.2978956)

0.0851 (8.51)

(0.0765624–0.0943085)

  Middle

18.87

0.2352 (23.52)

(0.2207703–0.2500036)

0.0655 (6.55)

(0.0572527–0.0744363)

  Fourth

17.62

0.2112 (21.12)

(0.196933–0.2260701)

0.0607 (6.07)

(0.0525045–0.0696908)

  Richest

14.96

0.1704 (17.04)

(0.156202–0.1853876)

0.0585 (5.85)

(0.049782–.0681491)

Type of toilet facility

< 0.001

< 0.001

  Flush latrine

42.68

0.2170 (21.70)

(0.2077067–0.2265402)

0.0682 (6.82)

(0.2077067–0.2265402)

  Pit and hanging latrine

57.32

0.2914 (29.14)

(0.2824885–0.300376)

0.0883 (8.83)

(0.2824885–0.300376)

Salt Iodization test outcome

< 0.001

< 0.001

  0 PPM (not iodized)

25.73

0.2835 (28.35)

(0.2703587–0.2969078)

0.0904 (9.04)

(0.0822027–0.0991818)

  More than 0 PPM and less than 15 PPM

19.01

0.2819 (28.19)

(0.2666411–0.2975221)

0.0890 (8.90)

(0.0795813–0.0992474)

  15 PPM or more

54.75

0.2399 (23.99)

(0.231346–9.2485535)

0.0713 (7.13)

(0.0662482–0.0766627)

  No salt in the household

0.51

0.3483 (34.83)

(0.2503611–0.4566767)

0.0899 (8.99)

(0.03961–0.1694525)

Stunting condition

  Stunted (HAZ score < −2 SD)

25.96

  Severely stunted (HAZ < −3 SD)

7.97