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Table 4 Multiple linear regression analysis of factors associated with depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder symptoms and emotional exhaustion

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric developmental services: a cross-sectional study on overall burden and mental health status

Variables

Model 1: PHQ-2 (sum score)

n = 1144

R2adj = .392, F = 31.67, p = <.001

Model 2: GAD-2 (sum score)

n = 1140

R2adj = .390, F = 31.39, p = <.001

Model 3: MBI-EE (sum score) n = 1150

R2adj = .431, F = 37.26, p = <.001

B

SE

β

p

B

SE

β

p

B

SE

β

p

Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics

 Sex (male/Ref. female)

.167

.101

.041

.098

−.162

.109

−.037

.138

.570

.852

.016

.504

 Age (≥31/Ref. ≤ 30)

−.116

.106

−.029

.274

.114

.114

.027

.316

−.755

.896

−.022

.400

 Housing situation/living alone (yes/Ref. no)

−.074

.083

−.023

.376

−.112

.089

−.033

.209

.702

.700

.025

.316

 Caring for chronically ill or handicapped family (yes/Ref. no)

−.055

.073

−.018

.457

.042

.079

.013

.596

−.287

.616

−.011

.641

 Children (yes/Ref. no)

.017

.076

.007

.819

.193

.081

.069

.018

−.405

.637

−.018

.525

 Immigrant background (no/Ref. yes)

.055

.097

.013

.573

−.001

.104

.000

.995

−.311

.816

−.009

.703

 Risk group (yes/Ref. no)

−.018

.067

−.007

.789

.057

.071

.020

.423

.154

.560

.007

.783

 Mode of employment (full-time/Ref. part-time)

.103

.065

.041

.110

.229

.069

.086

.001

1.315

.544

.060

.016

Psychological resources

 Social Support

−.066

.009

−.190

<.001

−.045

.010

−.119

<.001

−.402

.077

−.132

<.001

 Sense of Coherence

−.097

.012

−.208

<.001

−.107

.013

−.214

<.001

−.562

.100

−.139

<.001

 Optimism

−.147

.025

−.149

<.001

−.233

.027

−.220

<.001

−1.332

.207

−.154

<.001

 Quality of Life

−.257

.048

−.151

<.001

−.243

.051

−.134

<.001

−1.996

.400

−.135

<.001

Working conditions and potential problems in the COVID-19 pandemic

 Sufficient amount of protective clothing including face masks

.045

.027

.045

.090

.018

.028

.017

.531

.508

.223

.058

.023

 Enough staff for the current workload

.011

.022

.012

.631

.041

.024

.043

.089

−.346

.188

−.044

.066

 Sufficient recreation during leisure time

−.082

.027

−.083

.002

−.099

.029

−.093

.001

−1.020

.228

−.118

<.001

 Reliability on teammates if it is getting difficult at work

−.068

.029

−.059

.021

−.046

.031

−.038

.137

−.762

.246

−.076

.002

 Fear of becoming infected

.015

.036

.014

.667

.138

.038

.120

<.001

.733

.301

.078

.015

 Fear of infecting family

−.010

.030

−.010

.748

.019

.032

.020

.549

−.177

.252

−.022

.481

 Fear of work

.127

.031

.121

<.001

.099

.033

.088

.003

1.210

.258

.132

<.001

 Burden of change of work tasks

.086

.025

.093

.001

.057

.027

.058

.035

.660

.213

.082

.002

 Burden of an increase in the quantity of work

.114

.027

.121

<.001

.099

.029

.098

.001

1.734

.224

.211

<.001

 Feeling of being protected by employer

−.014

.030

−.013

.651

.003

.033

.002

.930

−.349

.256

−.037

.172

 Increased cigarette consumption

.091

.041

.057

.025

.040

.043

.023

.355

−.222

.338

−.016

.512

 Increased alcohol consumption

.070

.035

.051

.048

.069

.038

.047

.070

.222

.296

.019

.453

  1. Abbreviations: PHQ-2 Patient Health Questionnaire-2, GAD-2 Generalized Anxiety Disorder, MBI-EE Maslach Burnout Inventory-Emotional Exhaustion subscale
  2. Ref. = reference group