Table 6 Individual and community level Factors affecting Minimum Dietary Diversity in Ethiopian Demography Health Survey, 2019 (n = 1578) 

Age of child

6-11 m

41(8.11)

467(91.89)

1

1

1

12-17 m

92(16.05)

479(83.95)

0.34(0.21, 0.54)

0.26(0.16, 0.44)***

0.27(0.16, 0.45)***

18-23 m

65(13.09)

434(86.91)

0.52(0.32, 0.85)

0.42(0.25, 0.71)***

0.43(0.25, 0.73)***

Sex of the household head

Male

170(12.87)

1189(87.49)

1

1

1

Female

28(12.56)

191(87.13)

0.55(0.32, 0.95)

1.17(0.59, 2.29)

1.08(0.54, 2.15)

Mother education level

No education

54(7.64)

657(92.36)

1

1

1

Primary

97(15.06)

549(84.94)

0.55(0.36, 0.85)

0.36(0.22, 0.60)***

0.43(0.26, 0.74)***

Secondary

28(20.65)

107(79.35)

0.45(0.24, 0.83)

0.38(0.17, 0.85)***

0.43(0.19, 0.95)**

Higher

19(21.82)

67(78.18)

0.25(0.11, 0.54)

0.25(0.09, 0.66)***

0.31(0.12, 0.82)**

Wealth index

Poor

50.67(7.78)

601.05(92.22)

2.42(1.46, 4.01)

1.95(1.05, 3.63)*

1.24(0.62, 2.46)

Middle

42.30(14.16)

456.46(85.84)

1.76(1.03, 3.01)

1.62(0.87, 3.00)

1.39(0.74, 2.66)

Rich

105.18(16.76)

522.35(83.24)

1

1

1

Marital status

Not married

27.33(31.34)

59.87(68.66)

1

1

1

Married

170.82(11.46)

1319.98(88.54)

5.22(2.74, 9.96)

7.28(3.26, 16.28)***

6.19(2.73, 14.07)***

Age of women

15–24

63.63(12.57)

442.74(87.43)

1

1

1

25–34

96.84(12.28)

691.83(87.72)

0.89(0.59, 1.34)

0.50(0.29, 0.87)***

0.56(0.32, 0.98)**

35–49

37.68(13.32)

245(86.68)

0.71(0.42, 1.19)

0.25(0.11, 0.56)***

0.30(0.13, 0.69)***

Birth order

First-order

55.85(14.26)

335.67(85.74)

1

1

1

Second to fourth order

101.79(13.86)

632.51(86.14)

1.10(0.72, 1.69)

1.36(0.78, 2.39)

1.27(0.77, 2.23)

Fifth and above order

40.54(8.96)

411.68(91.04)

1.61(0.96, 2.69)

2.31(1.01, 5.27)*

1.99(0.86, 4.60)

Postnatal check within two months

No

149.25(11.30)

1171.29(88.70)

1

1

1

Yes

47.62(23.30)

156.78(76.70)

0.41(0.25, 0.65)

.38(0.22, 0.65)***

0.37(0.22, 0.64)***

Place of delivery

Institution delivery

134.67(15.69)

723.55(84.31)

1

1

1

Home delivery

63.47(8.82)

656.31(91.18)

1.41(0.89, 2.21)

1.15(0.65, 2.03)

1.05(0.59, 1.88)

Number of ANC visit

No visit

40.83(10.75)

409.19(88.41)

1.05(0.62, 1.77)

.55(0.29, 1.04)

0.53(0.27,1.01)

1–3 visit

53.65(11.59)

409.19(88.41)

1.15(0.74, 1.78)

1.04(0.63, 1.69)

0.92(0.56, 1.52)

4 and above visit

102.38(15.00)

580.34(85.00)

1

1

1

Community level poverty

Higher

55.18(7.54)

676.44(92.46)

5.35(2.58, 11.1)

2.58(1.19, 5.58)**

2.73(1.09, 6.80)**

Lower

142.97(16.89)

703.42(83.11)

1

1

1

Community level education

Higher

30.65(5.58)

519.05(94.42)

6.83(3.12, 14.93)

3.88(1.69, 8.95)***

2.78(1.08, 7.14)**

Lower

167.50(16.29)

860.81(83.71)

1

1

1

Region

metropolitan

15.71(24.1)

49.46(75.90)

1

1

1

Small peripheral

4.65(3.19)

141.93(96.81)

14.49(3.51, 59.83)

4.07(0.91, 18.13)

3.41(0.67, 17.34)

Large central

177.80(13.01)

1189.12(86.99)

3.19(1.26, 8.09)

1.55(0.53, 4.50)

1.41(0.43, 4.59)

Residence

Urban

67.01(15.19)

374.12(84.81)

1

1

1

Rural

131.14(11.54)

1379.86(88.46)

3.12(1.48, 6.59)

1.13(0.48, 2.71)

0.77(0.29, 2.07)