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Table 1 Participant characteristics (n = 358)

From: Smoking and drinking behavior, knowledge, and attitudes among urban and rural public-school students in Efate Island, Vanuatu: a comparative study

 

Urban

Rural

All

p-value

 

n = 217

n = 141

n = 358

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

Gender

 Male

115

(51.8)

76

(53.9)

191

(53.4)

0.87

 Female

102

(48.2)

65

(46.1)

167

(46.6)

 

Grade

 Year 6

56

(25.8)

41

(29.1)

97

(27.1)

0.014

 Year 7

77

(35.5)

66

(46.8)

143

(39.9)

 

 Year 8

84

(38.7)

34

(24.1)

118

(33.0)

 

Age

 Mean ± SD

12.73 ± 1.22

12.86 ± 1.17

12.45 ± 1.18

0.03

 Father/male guardian had any job to earn salary

187

(87.0)

74

(53.6)

261

(72.9)

 < 0.001

 Mother/female guardian had any job to earn salary

164

(76.6)

64

(46.0)

228

(63.7)

 < 0.001

  1. Missing values excluded
  2. Chi-square test was used to examine significant differences between students in urban and rural schools. Mann–Whitney U test was used for ordinal variable (mean age)
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