Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
From: Duration of immunity following full vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review
S/n | Study | Suggested study type | Country | Type of vaccine | Research participants | Number of participants | Study Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Shrotri et al. (2021) [17] | Cross-sectional | UK | BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 | Fully vaccinated adults | 605 | Spike-antibody waning after second dose of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 |
2 | Shu et al. (2021) [20] | Randomised controlled trials | China | V-01 | General population | 880 | Immunogenecity and safety of a recombinant fusion protein vaccine (V-01) against coronavirus disease 2019 in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial |
3 | Tsatsakis et al. (2021) [15] | Prospective and interventional study | Greece | BNT162b2 | Healthcare professionals | 517 | Immune response (IgG) following full inoculation with BNT162b2 COVID19 mRNA among healthcare professionals |
4 | Levin et al. (2021) [21] | Longitudinal prospective study | Israel | BNT162b2 | Healthcare workers | 4,868 | Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months |
5 | Favresse et al. (2021) [22] | Prospective and interventional study | Belgium | BNT162b2 | Healthcare professionals | 200 | Antibody titres decline 3-month post-vaccination with BNT162b2 |
6 | Taylor et al. (2021) [23] | Longitudinal study/ Multiple blood sample tests | US | Ad26.COV2.S, BNT162b2 & mRNA-1273 | SARS-COV-2Â presumed positive samples | 74 | Semi-quantitative, high throughput analysis of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies: Measuring the level and duration of immune response antibodies post-infection/vaccination |
7 | Terpos et al. (2021) [24] | Randomised controlled trial | Greece | BNT162b2 & ChAdOx1 | Patients with plasma cell neoplasms | 276 | The neutralising antibody response post-COVID-19 vaccination in patients with myeloma is highly dependent on the type of anti-myeloma treatment |
8 | Flaxman et al. (2021) [25] | Randomised controlled trial | UK | ChAdOx1 (AZD1222) | Volunteers | 90 | Reactogenicity and immunogenicity after a late second dose or a third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in the UK: a substudy of two randomised controlled trials (COV001 and COV002) |
9 | Collier et al. (2021) [26] | Cohort study | England | BNT162b2 | The elderly and younger healthcare workers | 140 | Age-related immune response heterogeneity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 |
10 | Ella et al. (2021) [27] | Randomised controlled trial | India | BBV152 (Covaxin) | Healthy adults and adolescents | 380 | Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: interim results from a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, phase 2 trial, and 3-month follow-up of a double-blind, randomised phase 1 trial |
11 | Glockner et al. (2021) [28] | Longitudinal study | Germany | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 & mRNA-1273 | Hospital staff | 22 | Robust Neutralising Antibody Levels Detected after Either SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or One Year after Infection |
12 | Goldberg et al. (2021) [29] | Observational study | Israel | BNT162b2 | General population | 4,791,398 | Waning Immunity after the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Israel |
13 | Guerrera et al. (2021) [30] | Longitudinal study | Italy | BNT162b2 | Healthcare workers and scientists | 71 | BNT162b2 vaccination induces durable SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells with a stem cell memory phenotype |
14 | Chu et al. (2021) [31] | Randomised control trial | USA | mRNA-1273 | Healthy adults | 600 | A preliminary report of a randomized controlled phase 2 trial of the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine |
15 | Israel et al. (2021) [32] | Retrospective cohort study | Israel | BNT162b2 | General population | 33,993 | Elapsed time since BNT162b2 vaccine and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort |
16 | Khoury et al. (2021) [33] | Longitudinal prospective study | Israel | BNT162b2 | Healthcare personnel | 100 | COVID-19 Vaccine–Long Term Immune Decline and breakthrough infections |
17 | Frater et al. (2021) [34] | Randomised controlled trial | London, UK | ChAdOx1 | People with HIV | 54 | Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV infection: a single-arm substudy of a phase 2/3 clinical trial |
18 | Nanduri et al. (2021) [35] | Observational study/longitudinal | USA | BNT162b2 & mRNA-1273 | Elderly people in nursing homes | 7,807,798 | Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Nursing Home Residents Before and During Widespread Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant—National Healthcare Safety Network, March 1-August 1, 2021 |
19 | Richmond et al. (2021) [36] | Randomised controlled trial | Australia | SCB-2019 | Adults and elderly | 48 | Persistence of the immune responses and cross-neutralizing activity with Variants of Concern following two doses of adjuvanted SCB-2019 COVID-19 vaccine |
20 | Racine-Brzostek et al. (2021) [37] | Longitudinal study | USA | BNT162b2 | Vaccinated (previously diagnosed with SARS-COV-2Â and never diagnosed) and unvaccinated individuals | 350 | More rapid, robust and sustainable antibody responses to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in convalescent COVID-19 individuals |
21 | Naaber et al. (2021) [38] | Prospective study | Estonia | BNT162b2 | Medical laboratory employees | 122 | Dynamics of antibody response to BNT162b2 vaccine after six months: a longitudinal prospective study |
22 | Tartof et al. (2021) [39] | Retrospective cohort study | USA | BNT162b2 | Healthcare workers | 3,436,957 | Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6Â months in a large integrated health system in the USA: a retrospective cohort study |
23 | Tober-Lau et al. (2021) [40] | Prospective cohort study | Germany | BNT162b2 | Older people and healthcare workers | 177 | Long-term immunogenicity of BNT162b2 vaccination in older people and younger health-care workers |
24 | Achiron et al. (2021) [41] | Prospective longitudinal cohort study | Israel | BNT162b2 | Not found | 39 | Humoral SARS-COV-2 IgG decay within 6Â months in COVID-19 healthy vaccinees: The need for a booster vaccine dose? |
25 | Aldridge et al. (2021) [42] | Nested longitudinal cohort | UK | BNT162b2 & ChAdOx1 | Community based study (not found) | 8,858 | Waning of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the Spike protein in individuals post second dose of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines and risk of breakthrough infections: analysis of the Virus Watch community cohort |
26 | Angel-Korman et al. (2021) [43] | Prospective cohort study | Israel | BNT162b2 | Haemodialysis patients and controls | 557 | Diminished and waning immunity to COVID-19 vaccination among haemodialysis patients in Israel: the case for a third vaccine dose |
27 | Chemaitelly et al. (2021) [44] | Case–control design | Qatar | BNT162b2 | General population | 907,763 | Waning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar |