Table 3 Multilevel analysis of factors associated with abortion among reproductive-aged women in East Africa

Residence

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

0.89(0.87,0.93)

0.98(0.93,1.03)

Distance to the health facility

 Not a big problem

1

1

 A big problem

0.96(0.93, 0.98)

0.98(0.96,1.02)

Marital status

 Single

1

1

 Married

0.44(0.36,0.54)

0.45(0.37,0.54)*

 Divorced

0.40(0.37,0.44)

0.41(0.37,0.44)*

 Widowed

0.56(0.51,0 .62)

0.54(0.48,0.59)*

 Separated

0.81(0.75, 0.86)

.84(0.78,0.89)*

Wealth index

 Poorest

1

1

 Poorer

0.92(0.87, 0.96)

0.93(0.88,0.97)*

 Middle

1.01(0.96, 1.05)

0.99(0.95,1.05)

 Richer

0.99(0.95, 1.04)

0.98(0.93,1.03)

 Richest

0.97(0.92,1.03)

0.96(0.89,1.07)

Currently working

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.39(1.35, 1.45)

1.43(1.38,1.49)*

Mass media exposure

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.25(1.21, 1.29)

1.26(1.21,1.30)*

Smoking

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.25(1.17, 1.34)

1.24(1.16,1.32)*

Preceding birth interval (months)

 < 24

1

1

 ≥ 24

0.97(0.94, 1.01)

0.96(0.93,0.99)*

Alcohol use

 No

1

1

 Yes

1.15(1.10. 1.19)

1.13(1.08,1.18)*

Contraceptive use

 Non- user

1

1

 Traditional

1.14(1.06, 1.22)

1.17(1.08,1.26)*

 Modern

0.63(0.61,0 .65)

0.63(0.61,0.65)*

Parity

 1–4

1

1

 5 + 

0.92(0.89,0.95)

0.92(0.89,0.95)*

 Community level variance

0.68(0.59, 0.78)

0.67(0.58,0.76)

0.46 (0.41,0. 54)

0.41(0.38,0.52)

 ICC (%)

17.11

16.74

12.27

11.08

 MOR

2.19

2.18

2.01

1.97

 PCV (%)

reference

1.47

32.35

39.70

 Deviance

189,150

179,262

133,090

126,090