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Table 1 Distribution of anemia among women in Mali by independent variables (Weighted, N = 5048)

From: Determinants of anemia among women of childbearing age: analysis of the 2018 Mali demographic and health survey

Variables

Weighted N (%)

Anemia n = 5048 (%)

X2

p-value

Age

  

10.6

0.101

15–19

962 (19.1)

630 (65.5)

  

20–24

889 (17.6)

539 (60.6)

  

25–29

972 (19.3)

610 (628)

  

30–34

809 (16.0)

517 (63.9)

  

35–39

662 (13.1)

427 (64.5)

  

40–44

435 (8.6)

274 (62.9)

  

45–49

319 (6.3)

208 (65.2)

  

Education

  

69.4

0.000*

No education

3379 (66.9)

2281 (67.5)

  

Primary

660 (13.1)

404 (61.2)

  

Secondary + 

1009 (20.0)

519 (51.4)

  

Marital status

  

6.1

0.191

Never married

764 (15.2)

460 (60.2)

  

Married

4110 (81.4)

2641 (64.3)

  

Cohabiting

30 (0.6)

20 (67.8)

  

Widowed

67 (1.3)

33 (50.2)

  

Divorced

77 (1.5)

50 (64.5)

  

Employment

  

0.5

0.497

Not working

2124 (42.1)

1375 (64.7)

  

Working

2924 (57.9)

1829 (62.6)

  

BMI

  

106.8

0.000*

Underweight

481 (9.5)

343 (71.2)

  

Normal

3184 (63.1)

2135 (67.1)

  

Overweight

1383 (27.4)

726 (52.5)

  

Parity

  

13.4

0.010*

Zero birth

988 (19.6)

631 (63.9)

  

One birth

630 (12.5)

380 (60.3)

  

Two births

599 (11.9)

355 (59.3)

  

Three births

598 (11.8)

384 (64.2)

  

Four or more births

2233 (44.2)

1454 (65.2)

  

Covered by Health insurance

  

14.8

0.000*

No

4787 (94.8)

3069 (64.1)

  

Yes

261 (5.2)

135 (51.7)

  

Mass media exposure

  

21.1

0.000*

No

942 (18.7)

663 (70.4)

  

Yes

4106 (81.3)

2541 (61.9)

  

Pregnancy status

  

10.6

0.001*

No

4466 (88.5)

2802 (62.7)

  

Yes

582 (11.5)

402 (69.1)

  

Terminated Pregnancy

  

0.12

0.730

Yes

590 (11.70)

365 (61.7)

  

No

4458 (88.3)

2840 (63.7)

  

Region

  

147.4

0.000*

Kayes

751 (14.9)

547 (72.9)

  

Koulikoro

945 (18.7)

624 (66.1)

  

Sikasso

854 (16.9)

588 (68.8)

  

Segou

794 (15.7)

475 (59.8)

  

Mopti

528 (10.5)

339 (64.2)

  

Toumbouctou

185 (3.7)

122 (66.2)

  

Gao

147 (2.9)

103 (70.1)

  

Kidal

5 (0.1)

3 (60.0)

  

Bamako

839 (16.6)

404 (48.2)

  

Sex of household head

  

0.0

0.957

Male

4229 (83.8)

2687 (63.5)

  

Female

819 (16.2)

517 (63.1)

  

Wealth quintile

  

151.3

0.000*

Poorest

867 (17.2)

610 (70.4)

  

Poorer

1034 (20.5)

719 (69.6)

  

Middle

970 (19.2)

678 (69.9)

  

Richer

1063 (21.1)

656 (61.7)

  

Richest

1114 (22.1)

541 (48.6)

  

Source of drinking water

  

42.1

0.000*

Unimproved

1446 (28.6)

1026 (71.0)

  

Improved

3602 (71.4)

2178 (60.5)

  

Type of toilet facility

  

3.3

0.070

Unimproved

522 (10.3)

361 (69.2)

  

Improved

4526 (89.7)

2844 (62.8)

  

Number of household members

   

0.332

Less than 5

1291 (25.6)

858 (66.5)

  

5 + 

3757 (74.4)

2346 (62.5)

  

Place of residence

  

113.6

0.000*

Urban

1283 (25.4)

666 (51.9)

  

Rural

3765 (74.6)

2538 (67.4)

  

Community literacy level

  

109.0

0.000*

Low

1831 (36.3)

1317 (72.0)

  

Medium

1563 (31.0)

1016 (65.0)

  

High

1654 (32.8)

871 (52.7)

  

Community socioeconomic status

  

141.2

0.000*

Low

2959 (2959)

2058 (69.6)

  

Moderate

570 (11.3)

378 (66.3)

  

High

1519 (30.1)

768 (50.6)

  
  1. p-value less than 0.05 indicates statistical significance