The relationship between hospital ownership, in-hospital mortality, and medical expenses: an analysis of three common conditions in China

Xue, Qingping; Xu, Dong Roman; Cheng, Terence C.; Pan, Jay; Yip, Winnie

doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01029-y

Archives of Public Health

Table 1 Sample characteristics by hospital type in Sichuan province of China during the fourth quarters of 2016–2018

From: The relationship between hospital ownership, in-hospital mortality, and medical expenses: an analysis of three common conditions in China

Variables	All	Public	Private not-for-profit	Private for-profit	P value^a (PNFP vs PFP vs PH)	P value^b (PNFP vs PH)	P value^b (PNP vs PH)
Variables	(N = 64,171)	(N = 50,022)	(N = 8,597)	(N = 5,552)	P value^a (PNFP vs PFP vs PH)	P value^b (PNFP vs PH)	P value^b (PNP vs PH)
Age, mean (SD)	64.14 (17.06)	64.07 (17.02)	64.95 (17.34)	63.54 (16.92)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.08
Men, mean (SD)	0.49 (0.50)	0.50 (0.50)	0.47 (0.50)	0.51 (0.50)	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.24
Insurance type, mean (SD)
UEBMI	0.32 (0.47)	0.27 (0.45)	0.58 (0.49)	0.38 (0.49)	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001
URBMI	0.27 (0.44)	0.28 (0.45)	0.19 (0.39)	0.26 (0.44)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
NCMS	0.27 (0.45)	0.31 (0.46)	0.09 (0.28)	0.24 (0.43)	0.000	< 0.001	< 0.001
Occupation, mean (SD)
Civil servant	0.05 (0.23)	0.06 (0.23)	0.04 (0.20)	0.04 (0.20)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Worker	0.03 (0.18)	0.03 (0.18)	0.03 (0.16)	0.02 (0.14)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Farmer	0.40 (0.49)	0.45 (0.50)	0.20 (0.40)	0.31 (0.46)	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001
Freelancers	0.02 (0.14)	0.02 (0.14)	0.02 (0.13)	0.03 (0.18)	< 0.001	0.21	< 0.001
Unemployed	0.03 (0.17)	0.03 (0.16)	0.05 (0.21)	0.04 (0.19)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Retirement	0.11 (0.32)	0.08 (0.27)	0.30 (0.46)	0.13 (0.34)	0.01	< 0.001	< 0.001
Charlson score, mean (SD)	1.12 (1.37)	1.04 (1.32)	1.48 (1.56)	1.31 (1.43)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Surgery, mean (SD)	0.03 (0.18)	0.03 (0.18)	0.04 (0.19)	0.03 (0.18)	0.01	0.01	0.80
LOS, mean (SD)	9.62 (6.38)	9.38 (6.05)	10.75 (7.62)	9.98 (6.88)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Admission type, mean (SD)
Emergency at arrival	0.10 (0.29)	0.10 (0.30)	0.08 (0.26)	0.06 (0.24)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Urgent at arrival	0.25 (0.44)	0.24 (0.43)	0.35 (0.48)	0.22 (0.41)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Admission source, mean (SD)
Emergency admission	0.20 (0.40)	0.20 (0.40)	0.23 (0.42)	0.16 (0.37)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Outpatient admission	0.77 (0.42)	0.77 (0.42)	0.74 (0.44)	0.81 (0.39)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Abbreviations: AMI Acute myocardial infarction, HF Heart failure, PFP Private for-profit, PH Public hospital, PNA Pneumonia, PNF Private not-for-profit, SD Standard deviation, UEBMI Urban employee basic medical insurance, URBMI Urban resident basic medical insurance, NCMS New rural cooperative medical scheme
^aP value was estimated by one-way ANOVA
^bP value was estimated by paired t-test with Bonferroni adjustment

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ISSN: 2049-3258

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