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Table 2 Results from the random effects models with estimates for the association of subject-specific factors on self-rated health. The Tromsø Study 1994–2016

From: The effects of exceeding low-risk drinking thresholds on self-rated health and all-cause mortality in older adults: the Tromsø study 1994–2020

 

Women

Men

Univariate OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Univariate OR [95% CI]

Adjusted OR [95% CI]

Alcohol consumption

 Abstainer, not consumed alcohol last 12 months

0.49*** [0.42, 0.58]

0.60*** [0.51, 0.72]

0.76* [0.61, 0.95]

0.85 [0.68, 1.07]

  < 100 g ethanol per week

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

  ≥ 100 g ethanol per week

1.90*** [1.49, 2.42]

1.85*** [1.46, 2.34]

1.13 [0.94, 1.36]

1.18 [0.99, 1.42]

Mental distressa

 No symptoms

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

 Some symptoms

0.39*** [0.34, 0.45]

0.41*** [0.35, 0.47]

0.34*** [0.30, 0.39]

0.39*** [0.34, 0.45]

 Sub-threshold symptoms

0.10*** [0.09, 0.12]

0.14*** [0.12, 0.17]

0.11*** [0.09, 0.13]

0.15*** [0.12, 0.18]

 Significant symptoms

0.03*** [0.02, 0.03]

0.05*** [0.04, 0.06]

0.02*** [0.02, 0.03]

0.04*** [0.03, 0.06]

Physical illness (HII)b

0.75*** [0.74, 0.77]

0.77*** [0.75, 0.79]

0.72*** [0.70, 0.74]

0.74*** [0.72, 0.76]

Smoking

 Never smoked

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

  > 1–20 years

1.11 [0.91, 1.36]

1.05 [0.87, 1.27]

0.73** [0.59, 0.90]

0.74** [0.60, 0.91]

  > 20 years

0.61*** [0.52, 0.72]

0.70*** [0.60, 0.81]

0.35*** [0.29, 0.42]

0.46*** [0.39, 0.55]

Have used pillsclast 2/4 weeks

0.42*** [0.36, 0.48]

0.69*** [0.60, 0.81]

0.36*** [0.30, 0.43]

0.70*** [0.57, 0.85]

Body Mass Index

 Lean (< 25 kg/m2)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

 Overweight (25–30 kg/m2)

0.78*** [0.68, 0.90]

0.73*** [0.63, 0.84]

0.91 [0.78, 1.06]

0.83* [0.71, 0.97]

 Obese (≥30 kg/m2)

0.43*** [0.36, 0.52]

0.47*** [0.39, 0.56]

0.49*** [0.40, 0.59]

0.53*** [0.43, 0.64]

Average physical activity per week

 Inactive

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

  < 1 Hour

1.48*** [1.19, 1.84]

1.12 [0.88, 1.41]

1.33* [1.06, 1.68]

1.00 [0.79, 1.27]

 1–2 hours

2.27*** [1.86, 2.77]

1.49*** [1.20, 1.85]

2.12*** [1.70, 2.65]

1.50*** [1.19, 1.89]

  ≥ 3 hours

3.51*** [2.87, 4.30]

2.25*** [1.81, 2.80]

3.01*** [2.42, 3.75]

2.10*** [1.67, 2.65]

Social support

2.77*** [2.27, 3.38]

1.53*** [1.24, 1.90]

2.14*** [1.76, 2.60]

1.35** [1.10, 1.66]

  1. SRH self-rated health, OR odds ratio, are based on subjects participating ≥ two times with repeated measures of alcohol consumption (n = 20,840). All time-varying scores were updated in 2001, 2007–08, and 2015–16 for those who participated. Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets, all estimates are adjusted for education and age
  2. Univariate models: separate models for each risk factor, to estimate the independent effect on the ordinal response variable
  3. Adjusted models: fully fitted models including all listed covariates
  4. *p < 0.05
  5. **p < 0.01
  6. ***p < 0.001
  7. aIn 1994–95, the seven-item CONOR Mental Health Index was used, whereas in the three subsequent surveys, the ten-item Hopkins Symptom Check List-10 (HSCL-10) was used
  8. bHII measures physical illness according to the impact that each condition has on SRH
  9. cPersons reporting the use of either or both sleeping pills/tranquilisers. In 1994–95, the time frame asked was “during the last 2 weeks”, while in the three subsequent surveys it was “during the last 4 weeks”