Authors, Year | Aim | Study design | Study Site | Sample size | Population | Factors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual Factors | ||||||
Wado et al. 2019 [21] | Identify contextual factors that influencing adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood in five East African countries | Cross-sectional Secondary analysis | East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia) | 21,925 (3675 Zambia) | Adolescent girls (15–19 years) | Age (16 years(OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.05–2.53), 17 years(OR = 3.53, 95%CI = 2.28–5.47), 18(OR = 6.55, 95%CI = 4.27–10.05), 19 years(OR = 16.56, 95%CI = 10.52–26.07)), Age at first sex (No sex (OR = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.14–0.34), 5–14 (OR = 4.01, 95%CI = 2.51–6.63), 15–17 (OR = 3.21, 95%CI = 2.13–4.96)), Exposure to media (two of 3 sources(OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.43–0.80), all three sources (OR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.28–0.67)), |
Svanemyr 2019 [23] | Explore how gendered sexual norms make young unmarried girls vulnerable to unintended pregnancies in a specific context | Qualitative | Southern province | 73 | Youth (13–20 years) | Lack of resources, Insufficient knowledge about sexuality and reproduction |
Munakampe et al. 2021 [22] | Determine factors affecting the fertility of adolescents aged 15–19 years in Zambia and possible drivers of adolescent fertility | Cross-sectional Secondary analysis | Zambia DHS | 3666 | Adolescent girls (15–19 years) | Age (16 years (OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.3–4.2), 17 years (OR = 6.4, 95%CI = 3.6–11.5), 18 years (OR = 15., 95%CI = 8.9–27.1), 19 years (OR = 29.1, 95%CI = 16.9–50.1), Knowledge of contraception (Knows (OR = 5.4, 95%CI = 1.9–15.6), Contraceptive use (use at least one method (OR = 14.4, 95%CI = 9.2–22.4)) |
Menon et al. 2018 [24] | Explore factors in the social and cultural environment shaping young people’s sexual behaviour, with specific attention to teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia | Exploratory mixed method | Eastern Province (Petauke, Chadiza, Katete districts) | 1434 | Youth (15–24 years) | Early/child marriage, early sexual debut, Limited knowledge and use of contraceptives |
Austrian et al. 2019 [25] | Explore transactional sex as a driver of adolescent pregnancy | Mixed method | Lusaka, Central, Copperbelt, and North-Western Provinces | 5331 | Adolescent girls (10–19 years) | Transactional sex, Multiple sexual partners, Unprotected sex |
Socio-Economic | ||||||
Svanemyr 2019 [23] | Explore how gendered sexual norms make young unmarried girls vulnerable to unintended pregnancies in a specific context | Qualitative | Southern province | 73 | Youth (13–20 years) | Poverty, Low education level, Peer pressure |
Wado et al. 2019 [21] | Identify contextual factors that influencing adolescent pregnancy and early motherhood in five East African countries | Cross-sectional Secondary analysis | East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Zambia) | 21,925 (3675 Zambia) | Adolescent girls (15–19 years) | Relationship to household head (spouse OR = 14.79, 95%CI = 11.55–8.63)), Education (Secondary and above (OR = ,0.35 95%CI = 0.16–0.76)), Household wealth (Richest OR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.26–0.83), |
Munakampe et al. 2021 [22] | Determine factors affecting the fertility of adolescents aged 15–19 years in Zambia and possible drivers of adolescent fertility | Cross-sectional Secondary analysis | Zambia DHS | 3666 | Adolescent girls (15–19 years) | Education (Junior secondary (OR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.2–0.7), Senior secondary (OR = 0.1, 95%CI = 0.0–0.2), Tertiary (OR = 0.1, 95%CI = 0.0–0.8)), Marital status (married (OR = 6.7, 95%CI = 4.9–9.2)), Household wealth (Poor (OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.3–2.4)) |
Menon et al. 2018 [24] | Explore factors in the social and cultural environment shaping young people’s sexual behaviour, with specific attention to teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia | Exploratory mixed method | Eastern Province (Petauke, Chadiza, Katete districts) | 1434 | Youth (15–24 years) | Poverty |
Blystad et al. 2020 [20] | Expand understanding on socio-cultural and structural dynamics associated with early pregnancy and school dropout | Qualitative | Southern and Central Provinces (Mazabuka, Chikankata, Monze Chibombo and Kapiri Mposhi) | 61 | Adolescents, parents, teachers, community leaders, and health workers | School dropout, Poverty |
Environmental Factors | ||||||
Svanemyr 2019 [23] | Explore how gendered sexual norms make young unmarried girls vulnerable to unintended pregnancies in a specific context | Qualitative | Southern province | 73 | Youth (13–20 years) | Norms governing contraceptive use |
Menon et al. 2018 [24] | Explore factors in the social and cultural environment shaping young people’s sexual behaviour, with specific attention to teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia | Exploratory mixed method | Eastern Province (Petauke, Chadiza, Katete districts) | 1434 | Youth (15–24 years) | Socio-cultural, gender and sexual norms |
Policy Factors | ||||||
Menon et al. 2018 [24] | Explore factors in the social and cultural environment shaping young people’s sexual behaviour, with specific attention to teenage pregnancy and child marriage in Eastern Zambia | Exploratory mixed method | Eastern Province (Petauke, Chadiza, Katete districts) | 1434 | Youth (15–24 years) | Lack of access to SRH information and services |