Table 1 Sample prevalence of alcohol use and smoking and associations thereof with choline intake in pregnant women in central South Africa: the NuEMI study 2018–2019
Sample prevalence (N = 680) | Choline intake < 450 mg | Choline intake ≥ 450 mg | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Current cigarette smoker | 0.799 | ||||||
Yes | 42 | 6.2 | 35 | 83.3 | 7 | 16.7 | |
No | 638 | 93.8 | 541 | 84.8 | 97 | 15.2 | |
Current alcohol user | 0.902 | ||||||
Yes | 61 | 9.0 | 52 | 85.3 | 9 | 14.8 | |
No | 619 | 91.0 | 524 | 84.7 | 95 | 15.4 | |
Combined use of cigarettes and alcohol | 0.728 | ||||||
Both | 14 | 2.1 | 11 | 78.57 | 3 | 21.4 | |
Either | 75 | 11.0 | 65 | 86.7 | 10 | 13.3 | |
Neither | 591 | 86.9 | 500 | 84.6 | 91 | 15.4 | |