System, institutional, and client-level factors associated with formal healthcare utilisation among older adults with low income under a social protection scheme in Ghana

Table 2 Descriptive analysis on client, institutional and system-level variables of formal healthcare utilization among older adults with low income under a social protection scheme in Ghana, 2018

Variables		Count (N = 200)	%
Use of formal health care for health problems in the last year	Yes*	170	85.0
	No	30	15.0
Client factors
Type of health care provider	Public health facility	131	77.1
Type of health care provider	Private health facility	39	22.9
Deciding on when and where to use healthcare	Personal	93	54.7
Deciding on when and where to use healthcare	Family/caregivers	77	45.3
Source of healthcare information	Healthcare provider	24	14.1
	Informal social networks	128	75.3
	Media	18	10.6
Distance to healthcare facilities	Less than 3 km	78	45.9
Distance to healthcare facilities	3 or more km	92	54.1
Mode of accessing healthcare facility	Walking	10	5.9
	Tricycle	19	11.2
	Car/Vehicle	141	82.9
Sources of funds for healthcare	Personal	77	45.3
	informal social networks	46	27.1
	social/health protection	47	27.6
System factors
Waiting time at the healthcare facility	Less than 20 min	23	13.5
	20–40 min	104	61.2
	More than 40 min	43	25.3
Healthcare costs	Less than GH ¢50	43	25.3
	GH¢ 50- GH¢100	90	52.9
	More than GH¢100	37	21.8
Institutional factors
Level of treatment	Good	151	88.8
Level of treatment	Poor	19	11.2
Quality of care	Good	154	90.6
Quality of care	Poor	16	9.4
Attitude of healthcare providers	Good	156	91.8
Attitude of healthcare providers	Poor	14	8.2
Communication problems	Yes	99	58.2
Communication problems	No	71	41.8
Healthcare use satisfaction	Yes	121	71.2
Healthcare use satisfaction	No	49	28.8

*Those who used formal healthcare facilities were able to answer the response of the question

ISSN: 2049-3258