Table 3 System, Institutional and Client-level factors associated with formal healthcare utilisation among older adults with low income under a social protection scheme in Ghana, 2018

AOR

95%CI

AOR

95%CI

AOR

95%CI

CLIENT PREFERENCE

Source of funds for healthcare

Personal (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Informal social networks

6.043

1.303–28.024*

6.348

1.012–39.819*

2.743

0.368-20.433

Social/health protection scheme (NHIS/LEAP)

6.612

1.239–35.291*

16.385

1.691–158.780*

11.934

1.151-123.777*

Mode of Accessing healthcare

Walking (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Tricycle

1.100

0.243–4.993

0.972

0.156-6.045

5.300

0.477-58.881

Vehicle

0.167

0.038–0.729*

0.101

0.015–0.658*

0.276

0.032–0.479

Sources of healthcare information

Healthcare provider (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Informal social networks

0.206

0.061–0.698*

0.159

0.035-0.733*

0.194

0.037–1.016

Media

0.185

0.028–1.227

0.454

0.045–4.540

0.259

0.022–3.018

Deciding on when/where to use healthcare

Personal (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Family/caregiver

5.841

2.080-16.404*

7.177

1.899–27.125*

12.409

2.198–70.076*

Distance travelled to access healthcare

Less than 3 km (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

3 or more km

2.211

0.796–6.138

2.462

0.667-9.083

1.737

0.426–7.080

Type of healthcare provider consulted

Public health facility (ref)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Private health facility

0.887

0.302–2.603

0.832

0.238-2.915

5.342

0.747–38.212

INSTITUTIONAL

Communication problems with healthcare provider

Yes (ref)

1.00

1.00

No

1.695

1.196–4.460

1.358

1.074–3.737*

Level of Healthcare Treatment

Good (ref)

1.00

1.00

Poor

0.754

0.012–0.9154

0.122

0.001–0.437

Quality of Healthcare Services

Good (ref)

1.00

1.00

Poor

0.316

0.102–0.681

0.444

0.127–0.775

Attitude of healthcare providers

Good (ref)

1.00

1.00

Poor

0.575

0.253–0.890*

0.889

0.24–0.931*

Satisfaction with services provided by providers

Good (ref)

1.00

1.00

Poor

0.242

0.023–0.521

0.625

0.062-6.351

SYSTEM

Waiting time at healthcare facility

Less than 20 min (ref)

1.00

1.00

20–40 min

0.070

0.006–0.195*

More than 40 min

0.198

0.016–0.495

Healthcare Cost

Less than GH ¢50 (ref)

1.00

1.00

GH¢ 50- GH¢100

0.183

0.016–2.031

More than GH¢100

0.865

0.089–8.388

Model Fitting information

Percentage with correct classification

89.0

91.0

93.0

Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients (sig.)

59.360(0.000)

87.549 ((0.000)

98.550 (0.000)

Hosmer and Lemeshow Chi-square Test (sig.)

4.352 (0.738)

4.247 (0.834)

1.943 (0.983)

-2 Log likelihood

109.723

81.535

70.534

Nagelkerke R Square

0.450

0.621

0.682