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Table 3 Convergence and final club classification results

From: Health expenditure convergence and the roles of trade and governance in Africa

Sample

Countries

b ̂ Coeff

SE

t-stat

Panel A: Domestic general government health exp. (GGHE/GE)

 Overall (40)

All the selected countries in the sample

-1.088a

0.044

-24.683

 Cub 1 (21)

Algeria | Angola | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cabo Verde | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Cote d’Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Gabon | Ghana | Guinea | Kenya | Madagascar | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Namibia | Niger | Rwanda | South Africa | Sudan | Eswatini | Tanzania | Togo | Tunisia | Zambia

0.118

0.075

1.568

 Club 2 (11)

Benin | Central African Republic | Chad | Comoros | Congo, Rep. | Gambia, The | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | Sierra Leone | Uganda

0.918

0.111

8.307

 Club 0 (not converging group) (2)

Cameroon | Guinea-Bissau

-4.156a

0.468

-8.882

Club Merging

 Club 1 + 2

 

-0.503a

0.026

-19.716

Final club classifications

 Final club 1 (21)

Algeria | Angola | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cabo Verde | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Cote d’Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Gabon | Ghana | Guinea | Kenya | Madagascar | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Namibia | Niger | Rwanda | South Africa | Sudan | Eswatini | Tanzania | Togo | Tunisia | Zambia

0.118

0.075

1.568

 Final club 2 (11)

Benin | Central African Republic | Chad | Comoros | Congo, Rep. | Gambia, The | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | Sierra Leone | Uganda

0.918

0.111

8.307

 Club 0 (not converging group) (2)

Cameroon | Guinea-Bissau

-4.156a

0.468

-8.882

Panel B: Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (DGHEp)

 Overall (43)

All the selected countries in the sample

-0.312a

0.025

-12.553

 Cub 1 (12)

Algeria | Burkina Faso | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Congo, Rep. | Cote d’Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Gambia, The | Guinea | Mauritania | Mauritius | South Africa | Togo

2.716

2.288

1.187

 Club 2 (13)

Botswana | Burundi | Cabo Verde | Gabon | Ghana | Kenya | Morocco | Namibia | Niger | Rwanda | Eswatini | Tunisia | Zambia

-0.032

0.033

-0.962

 Club 3 (15)

Angola | Benin | Cameroon | Central African Republic | Chad |Comoros | Guinea-Bissau | Madagascar | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | Sierra Leone | Sudan | Tanzania | Uganda

3.283

2.208

1.487

Club Merging

 Club 1 + 2

 

1.562

0.024

65.671

 Club 2 + 3

 

-2.556a

0.058

-44.472

Final club classifications

 Final club 1 (25)

Algeria | Botswana | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cabo Verde | Congo, Dem. Rep. | Congo, Rep. | Cote d’Ivoire | Equatorial Guinea | Gabon | Gambia, The | Ghana | Guinea | Kenya | Mauritania | Mauritius | Morocco | Namibia | Niger | Rwanda | South Africa | Eswatini | Togo | Tunisia | Zambia

1.562

0.024

65.671

 Final club 2 (2)

Angola | Benin | Cameroon | Central African Republic | Chad |Comoros | Guinea-Bissau | Madagascar | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | Sierra Leone | Sudan | Tanzania | Uganda

3.283

2.208

1.487

  1. aindicates rejection of the null hypothesis of convergence and club convergence merging. SE Standard error
  2. Source: Authors’ computation using WDI data