Table 1 The distribution of socio-demographic and obstetric related characteristics of the pregnant mothers with SBI and OBI, before propensity score matching

Residence

Urban

14,401

63.33

8340

36.67

< 0.001

Rural

44,831

54.03

38,149

45.97

Country

Burundi, 2016-17

5558

52.31

5068

47.69

< 0.01

Ethiopia, 2016

4268

50.48

4187

49.52

Kenya, 2014

8767

54.43

7339

45.57

Comoros, 2012

1126

46.66

1287

53.34

Madagascar, 2021

4739

49.89

4760

50.11

Malawi, 2015-16

9016

70.54

3766

29.46

Mozambique, 2015

4894

57.29

3648

42.71

Rwanda, 2019-20

3438

62.57

2057

37.43

Tanzania, 2015-16

4054

51.94

3751

48.06

Uganda, 2016

5622

46.29

6524

53.71

Zambia, 2018

4611

62.11

2813

37.89

Zimbabwe, 2015

3139

70.89

1289

29.11

Mothers educational status

No education

15,351

50.37

15,125

49.63

< 0.001

Primary

31,448

56.34

24,367

43.66

Secondary

10,738

63.53

6164

36.47

Higher

1695

67.05

833

32.95

Household wealth status

Poorest

14,443

48.71

15,205

51.29

< 0.001

Poorer

11,918

53.44

10,385

46.56

Middle

11,228

57.19

8406

42.81

Richer

10,933

60.36

7181

39.64

Richest

10,710

66.85

5312

33.15

Sex of household head

Male

44,022

54.35

36,969

45.65

0.001

Female

15,210

61.50

9520

38.50

Marital status

Not married

16,023

58.22

11,497

41.78

0.01

Married

43,209

55.25

34,992

44.75

Number of births before the current birth

1–3

27,933

57.22

20,880

42.78

0.001

> 3

31,299

55.00

25,609

45.00

Maternal age (in years)

15–24

7066

40.14

10,537

59.86

< 0.001

25–34

32,682

56.73

24,927

43.27

≥ 35

19,484

63.86

11,025

36.14

Media exposure

No

21,296

53.13

18,788

46.87

0.001

Yes

37,899

57.79

27,679

42.21