Skip to main content

Table 3 Opioid Prescribing Above Guideline Recommendations by Race/Ethnicity for Patients in the Observational Cohort from Northern California, 2015-2020

From: Disparities in postoperative opioid prescribing by race and ethnicity: an electronic health records-based observational study from Northern California, 2015–2020

 

Non-Hispanic White

Hispanic,

Any Race

Non-Hispanic Asian

Non-Hispanic Black

Non-Hispanic Other

All

Patients

Pooled Procedures

N=28,586

 N=16,846

 N=7,819

 N=3,850

 N=4,463

 N=61,564

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

20,281 (71.0%)

12,186 (72.3%)

5,978 (76.5%)

3,092 (80.3%)

3,263 (72.9%)

44,880 (72.8%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

9.0 (7.7)

8.5 (6.3)

8.7 (6.1)

11.9 (7.2)

8.9 (6.8)

9.0 (7.2)

Predicted Median (IQR)

8.0 (2.9, 13.8)

8.2 (2.8, 13.5)

8.5 (3.9, 13.4)

11.6 (7.0, 16.8)

8.5 (3.5, 13.8)

8.4 (3.3, 13.8)

Knee Arthroscopy

N = 1,754

 N = 515

 N = 97

 N = 104

 N = 176

 N = 2,646

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

844 (48.1%)

260 (50.1%)

51 (52.6%)

70 (67.3%)

64 (36.4%)

1,289 (48.7%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

5.2 (5.8)

4.8 (6.0)

3.9 (5.8)

9.8 (7.3)

4.8 (6.0)

5.2 (6.0)

Predicted Median (IQR)

3.5 (0, 8.3)

2.4 (0, 8.3)

1.1 (0, 5.0)

9.3 (3.5, 15.0)

3.0 (0, 7.8)

3.4 (0, 8.4)

Total Knee Arthroplasty

N = 1,358

 N = 190

 N = 115

 N = 70

 N = 80

 N = 1,813

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

941 (69.3%)

119 (62.6%)

52 (45.2%)

52 (74.3%)

47 (58.8%)

1,211 (66.8%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

18.2 (18.2)

17.4 (17.4)

12.1 (14.2)

22.3 (19.9)

16.1 (17.5)

17.8 (18.0)

Predicted Median (IQR)

12.7 (2.0, 29.7)

13.1 (2.0, 30.2)

6.2(0, 22.6)

19.4 (5.9, 33.1)

9.6 (0.1, 30.2)

12.1 (1.8, 29.7)

Lumpectomy +/- SLNB

N = 3,236

 N = 697

 N = 998

 N = 394

 N = 293

 N =5,618

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

2,624 (81.1%)

589 (84.1%)

819 (82.1%)

321 (81.5%)

239 (81.6%)

4,592 (81.7%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

7.9 (4.2)

7.6 (4.2)

6.5 (3.6)

9.4 (4.3)

7.8 (4.3)

7.7 (4.2)

Predicted Median (IQR)

7.4 (4.4, 10.7)

7.3 (3.9, 10.4)

6.3 (3.6, 9.0)

9.1 (6.0, 12.1)

7.1 (4.4, 10.2)

7.3 (4.3, 10.5)

Lap. Appendectomy/Cholecystectomy

N = 8,959

 N = 5,299

 N = 1,713

 N = 770

 N = 1,245

 N = 17,986

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

3,829 (42.7%)

1,988 (37.5%)

545 (31.8%)

302 (39.2%)

461 (37.0%)

7,125 (39.6%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

3.0 (3.9)

2.2 (3.2)

1.6 (2.6)

4.0 (4.6)

2.4 (3.5)

2.6 (3.6)

Predicted Median (IQR)

1.2 (0, 5.1)

0 (0, 3.8)

0 (0, 2.6)

0 (0, 3.8)

0 (0, 4.1)

0.6 (0, 4.5)

MIS Gynecological Procedures

N = 3,505

 N = 1,781

 N = 562

 N = 455

 N = 496

 N = 6,799

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

2,886 (82.3%)

1,522 (85.5%)

458 (81.5%)

395 (86.8%)

420 (84.7%)

5,681 (83.6%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

10.0 (5.1)

9.0 (4.85)

7.3 (4.4)

12.1 (6.4)

9.3 (4.8)

9.6 (5.2)

Predicted Median (IQR)

9.5 (5.7, 13.1)

8.6 (5.1, 12.3)

6.9 (4.1, 10.5)

11.2 (7.3, 15.3)

9.0 (5.4, 12.4)

9.0 (5.5, 12.8)

Cesarean Delivery

N = 9,774

 N = 8,364

 N = 4,334

 N = 2,057

 N = 2,173

 N = 26,702

Opioid Over-Prescribing, n (%)

9,157 (93.7%)

7,708 (92.2%)

4,053 (93.5%)

1,952 (94.9%)

2,032 (93.5%)

24,902 (93.3%)

Excess 5-mg Oxycodone Pills*

      

Predicted Mean (SD)

13.9 (4.8)

12.5 (4.4)

12.2 (4.3)

15.0 (5.0)

12.8 (4.7)

13.2 (4.7)

Predicted Median (IQR)

14.1 (10.0, 17.5)

12.5 (8.8, 15.9)

12.2 (8.8, 15.4)

15.0 (10.8, 18.7)

12.6 (8.8, 16.4)

13.2 (9.4, 16.7)

  1. IQR, interquartile range; Lap, laparoscopic; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; Ob/Gyn, obstetrics and gynecology; SD, standard deviation; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy
  2. *Predicted values derived from main statistical model and set to ‘0’ when predicted value was less than guideline concordant
  3. Statistically significant different from Non-Hispanic White Group, P<0.05