From: Overview of the role of robots in upper limb disabilities rehabilitation: a scoping review
Evaluation types | Evaluation Methods/tools(references) | References frequency | All References for evaluation types | The total frequency of types of evaluation based on the number of references | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Evaluation and measurement of upper limb function and dexterity | Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity score (FMA-UE) [27,28,29, 33,34,35,36,37, 41, 48,49,50, 53,54,55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 65,66,67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80] | 30 | [26,27,28,29,30,31, 33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76, 78,79,80] | 52 | |
10 | |||||
Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) [28, 31, 34, 39, 44, 46, 55, 56, 65, 68, 80] | 11 | ||||
Box and Block Test (BBT) [27, 28, 30, 35, 38, 40, 51, 58, 60, 65, 69] | 11 | ||||
Wolf Motor Function (WMFT) [40, 42, 50, 53, 56, 57, 61, 70, 72, 80] | 10 | ||||
Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) [26, 34, 37, 47, 55, 56, 60, 65, 80] | 9 | ||||
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) [28, 31, 34, 35, 39, 44, 46, 80] | 8 | ||||
Active or Passive Range Of Motion (ROM) [55, 57, 61, 63, 64, 75] | 6 | ||||
6 | |||||
5 | |||||
3 | |||||
3 | |||||
2 | |||||
2 | |||||
2 | |||||
2 | |||||
Physical health Composite Score (PCS) [48] | 1 | ||||
Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) [35] | 1 | ||||
Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT) [29] | 1 | ||||
Semi-structured interview to assess arm function [36] | 1 | ||||
Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) [63] | 1 | ||||
Arm-Hand Function (AHF) [71] | 1 | ||||
Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) [67] | 1 | ||||
Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) [46] | 1 | ||||
Reliable Change Index (RCI) [46] | 1 | ||||
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) [49] | 1 | ||||
Total active mobility (TAM) [34] | 1 | ||||
Disability Assessment Scale (DAS) [34] | 1 | ||||
Pegboard test [66] | 1 | ||||
Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) [71] | 1 | ||||
Spinal Cord Independence(SCI) [71] | 1 | ||||
Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) [67] | 1 | ||||
World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) [73] | 1 | ||||
Manual Function Test (MFT) [44] | 1 | ||||
Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) [68] | 1 | ||||
Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (K-SDQ) [75] | 1 | ||||
1 | |||||
Reflective markers [62] | |||||
Grooved Pegboard Test (GP) [51] | 1 | ||||
Range and motor skills and functional strength of the hand | 7 | 12 | |||
7 | |||||
Medical Research Council Scale for Muscle Strength (hand flexor and extensor muscles) (MRC) [46, 76] | 2 | ||||
Pinch Strength [79] | 1 | ||||
Quality of Movement (QOM) [39] | 1 | ||||
Amadeo® hand muscle strength: Measures of muscle strength using the robotic device [36] | 1 | ||||
Neuropsychological assessment | 5 | 11 | |||
2 | |||||
Mental health Composite Score (MCS) [48] | 1 | ||||
Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT) [73] | 1 | ||||
Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) [71] | 1 | ||||
Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) [73] | 1 | ||||
Rey Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF) [49] | 1 | ||||
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) [49] | 1 | ||||
Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) [49] | 1 | ||||
Digit Span Task [49] | 1 | ||||
Tower of London test [49] | 1 | ||||
Trail making test (TMT) [45] | 1 | ||||
Self-Depression Scale (SDS) [34] | 1 | ||||
Quality of life | 6 | 9 | |||
Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) [48] | 1 | ||||
Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) [41] | 1 | ||||
Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54) [36] | 1 | ||||
Quality of Life (Euro-QOl) [28] | 1 | ||||
Lab-based clinical and kinematic | 2 | 4 | |||
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) [43] | 1 | ||||
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) [34] | 1 | ||||
Severity of pain | Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) [48] | 1 | 3 | ||
2 | |||||
visual analog scale (VAS) [68] | 1 | ||||
Reliability | Force and position sensors [32] | 1 | 2 | ||
Based on the time required to complete the task, the average velocity of the device during the test, the Global length of the path travelled by the subject during center-out movements, the line integral of the force along the path described by the patient, and the amount of total work directed towards the target [37] | 1 | ||||
Efficiency | Force and position sensors [32] | 1 | 2 | ||
Motricity Index (MI) [79] | 1 | ||||
Nine Hole Peg Test [79] | 1 | ||||
Grip and Pinch test [79] | 1 | ||||
The quick version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH) [79] | 1 | ||||
Feasibility of the use of the system | Motion analysis of the fingers both with and without the device [77] | 1 | 2 | ||
- Assessment of the side effects by reporting any adverse events occurring during the study by the physiotherapist in regard to the use of Gloreha Professional [79] -Assessment of the level of operator difficulty for the physiotherapist in managing the device by visual analogue scale (VAS) [79] | 1 | ||||
Cost analysis | - Costs calculation in terms of the time required by healthcare personnel, using the average cost per hour of a physiotherapist per total number of rehabilitation treatments per patient and in terms of the time required by a physiotherapist to take care that the robotic device working correctly during the sessions [79] | 1 | [79] | 1 | |
Tremor Severity Scale | A clinical rating scale [36] | 1 | 2 | ||
Tremor Severity Scale (TSS) [26] | 1 | ||||
Adherence to rehabilitation exercises | number of treatment robot sessions and the duration of treatment sessions using the robot over time [52] | 1 | [52] | 1 | |
Usability Testing | Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease-of-use(USE) Questioner [71] | 1 | [71] | 1 | |
Patient Satisfaction | Questionnaire | Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease-of-use questionnaire (USE) [71] | 1 | [71] | 1 |