Psychosocial rehabilitation experiences of 2 women victims of armed conflict in Colombia.

Background: After nine years of the ground-breaking social policy Law 1448 of 2011 -Victims Law- and its extension until 2030, the Colombian State and other stakeholders have made several efforts towards granting the right of integral reparation for more than nine million victims that are recognized in the Colombian transitional context. Psychosocial rehabilitation is a reparation measure of the Victims Law’s whose objective is to re-establish the psychosocial, physical and mental health welfare in the individual, familiar and community levels. This study aims to understand the experiences of psychosocial rehabilitation of women victims of armed conflict in Montes de Maria and the underlying social intervention paradigms that guide the Law’s implementation. Methods: Based on a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, narrative tools and thematic network analysis permitted to give voice to the women participants. Individual narrative interviews and a focus group were conducted with twelve and eight women victims, respectively. Results: Although the Victims Law is oriented by a sociopolitical intervention paradigm, the stories of the women’s victims of Montes de María mainly evidenced non-sociopolitical interventions with humanitarian assistance towards revictimization and State abandonment. As a coping mechanism towards the State negligence encountered, women strive to overcome psychosocial trauma by developing agency and community resources for the resignification of the traumatic experiences and peacebuilding. Conclusions: For the Victims Law to achieve its integrality aim, the psychosocial approach should be implemented through all its measures but remains absent. Women and their communities are urgently demanding mental health interventions with adequate psychosocial rehabilitation to overcome trauma. Therefore, it is an urgent matter for the different stakeholders to collaborate towards transformative and participatory psychosocial interventions based on the community’s necessities and resources and non-repetition guarantees to avoid revictimization, as conflict and an Unconstitutional state of affairs persists. (BT), (BT) are (OT) (BT), uncovering


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Regarding PR whose objective is to re-establish physical, mental,

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We collected women victims' voices through narrative tools considering data

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(...) the only thing that I received is humanitarian aid: 210.000 pesos that they 244 gave me one day, that's it" (Interview 1). 245 "There was no direct manifestation from the State. I remember that my father 246 once brought food, a sack, a bag, it was the only thing I remember. But I don't 247 remember how he got it, maybe someone in the Red Cross helped us but since 248 then it has been very hard for us. (Interview 9). 249 In these cases, compassion policies, as an element of humanitarianism, is 250 mediating the institutional requirements expressed by the victims [39,53]. They 251 indicate that in order to access goods and social services related to humanitarian 252 assistance they should exhibit their suffering to be recognized as such. A situation that places limitations toward the recognition of the victim's human dignity and 254 rights. In some cases, women received monetary humanitarian aids that they 255 regret accepting, as they are still waiting for material, moral and symbolic 256 reparation after many years.

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(...) they called my husband, they gave him a reparation of ten million pesos, 275 because you know that it is given a check for each person, I always said that 276 money is not everything because when they gave me the reparation that was not a 277 huge amount of money. I shouted, cried, and said: until here they come [the 278 reparation process]; how come a human being is going to be valued for x quantity? 279 For seventy million pesos? Three people were repaired for that miserable thing; I 280 prefer them with me and don't receive a cent (Interview 11).

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(…) a community kiosk, the community kiosk has had good use, there have 320 been memory workshops and there we have a photograph of each of the twelve 321 people who were victims, photographs of the "Tamarindo tree". That one is a place 322 of memory, there the village's Campesinos meet, we do activities, there also was 323 created a reparations mentoring school (Interview 12). 324 (...) The symbolic part was phenomenal because the case was also published 325 in the press and in some way through the press there are many people that also 326 get to know. As we published on Facebook, many who didn't have any knowledge 327 about the massacre or that have forgotten because time had passed, they found 328 out what was happening, and the aim is that this don't happen ever again 329      When the claim process occurs with Law 1448, the land restitution unit is 369 created here for the first time, it was opened here. As Campesinos we began to 370 claim the land and then people started to threaten the Campesino people, to 371 threaten those of us who are at the forefront, accompanying and advising the 372 Campesino people to make their claim (Interview 8). 373 It is noticed that women describe that they have received the negative 374 consequences of state abandonment; violence, discrimination, a lack of 375 opportunities, unemployment and social inequality to a greater extent than men.

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After the victimizing events, many women struggle in order to adapt to caring tasks  I perceive that there are many needs and nobody helps us (…) They say that it 407 will come, that someday they will help, but until now no, nothing, nothing, we keep 408 struggling every day, but the government no, the government doesn't give us 409 anything (Interview 2). 410 Is going to be two thousand and twenty and there will be people who did not 411

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(…) That motivated me to come back, but also to strengthen women processes 452 over there because the theme is unknown, that's why we wanted to carry out our 453 proposal called "New voices for territorial peacebuilding" in the lower zone of 454 Carmen de Bolívar, because we consider that although all that we suffered in the 455 conflict, it is a zone that has not been properly attended; so I believe is not late, 456 that we can continue strengthening an interesting process with women and their 457 families so that they can grant their rights and organize in the collective level to 458 present their proposal, from the local and institutional, so that the departmental 459 and national institutions can take a glance towards this zone and truly start a 460 strengthening and participatory process for women (Interview 9). 461 Women are the figure that has maintained unity, and maybe we maintain peace 462 because we tell our children and friends: "no, that's not the pathway, maybe things are going to happen for us" (Interview 1). 464          The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not 602 publicly available due to protection and safety issues of the participating women 603 whose narratives would allow their identification but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.