Table 1 Comparison of primary cannabis users with primary alcohol, opiate, amphetamine or cocaine users (n = 1347)
From: Cannabis-Related treatment demands in Belgium: a socio-demographic and treatment seeking profile
| Â | Cannabis (n = 236) Valid % | Alcohol (n = 758) Valid % | Opiate (n = 130) Valid % | Amphetamine (n = 123) Valid % | Cocaine (n = 100) Valid % | Chi2 (df = 4) or t-value (df = 4) | p-value | Group differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 33.728 | .000 | a, c |
Male | 86.9 | 70.7 | 78.5 | 65.9 | 82.0 | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 13.1 | 29.3 | 21.5 | 34.1 | 18.0 | Â | Â | Â |
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 20 | 38.1 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 24.8 | 4.0 | 326.142 | .000 | a, b, d |
20-29 | 43.2 | 8.5 | 36.7 | 47.9 | 48.0 | 228.939 | .000 | a |
30-39 | 11.9 | 22.2 | 43.0 | 18.2 | 36.0 | 56.726 | .000 | a, b, d |
40-49 | 6.4 | 35.5 | 13.3 | 7.4 | 12.0 | 128.936 | .000 | a |
> 49 | 0.4 | 33.2 | 4.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 212.583 | .000 | a, b |
Mean age (SD) | 23.6 (7.83) | 44.7 (10.81) | 32.5 (7.89) | 26.1 (8.43) | 30.1 (7.17) | 292.272 | .000 | a, b, d |
Country of birth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Belgium | 91.4 | 92.9 | 64.1 | 96.7 | 81.4 | 110.308 | .000 | b, d |
Living situation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Alone | 22.5 | 44.2 | 27.0 | 23.6 | 25.5 | 57.361 | .000 | a |
With partner and/or children | 13.0 | 39.3 | 31.0 | 17.1 | 25.5 | 71.926 | .000 | a, b |
With parents | 52.4 | 6.4 | 9.5 | 35.0 | 25.5 | 275.958 | .000 | a, b, c, d |
Homeless | 2.6 | 5.1 | 12.7 | 4.1 | 12.2 | 24.027 | .000 | b, d |
Employment situation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Employed | 18.6 | 33.7 | 24.8 | 24.8 | 38.9 | 25.146 | .000 | a, d |
Student | 41.2 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 18.8 | 3.2 | 310.150 | .000 | a, b, c, d |
Unemployed | 23.9 | 25.5 | 33.6 | 35.0 | 44.2 | 20.793 | .000 | d |
Invalidity | 13.7 | 27.6 | 20.4 | 17.1 | 6.3 | 37.197 | .000 | a |
Legal problems | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 52.8 | 88.3 | 73.3 | 52.9 | 79.8 | 171.737 | .000 | a, b, d |
Release on bail or other conditions awaiting trial/sentencing | 3.4 | 2.4 | 5.8 | 8.3 | 5.1 | 12.999 | .011 | Â |
Probation after detention | 9.8 | 3.7 | 11.7 | 17.4 | 8.1 | 38.804 | .000 | a |
Compulsory admission | 3.4 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 2.189 | NS | Â |
Juvenile court | 5.5 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 46.553 | .000 | a |
Therapeutic advice | 22.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 231.932 | .000 | a, c |
Regular use substances | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Alcohol (> = 5 glasses a day) | 40.3 | 99.3 | 29.4 | 43.3 | 50.5 | 600.038 | .000 | a |
Amphetamines | 18.7 | 4.5 | 19.5 | 98.4 | 30.3 | 616.082 | .000 | a, c |
Cannabis | 99.6 | 9.5 | 39.0 | 48.8 | 53.1 | 673.135 | .000 | a, b, c, d |
Cocaine | 19.1 | 7.8 | 48.4 | 33.9 | 100.0 | 487.140 | .000 | a, b, c |
Ecstasy | 19.0 | 3.6 | 13.9 | 41.3 | 17.2 | 166.883 | .000 | a, c |
Hallucinogens | 5.6 | 1.5 | 9.9 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 32.847 | .000 | a |
Opiates | 1.7 | 1.3 | 92.2 | 10.1 | 18.0 | 882.551 | .000 | b, c, d |
Sedatives | 9.0 | 22.7 | 30.4 | 28.2 | 28.6 | 33.662 | .000 | a, b, c, d |
Only regular use of primary drug | 43.6 | 68.1 | 17.7 | 19.5 | 22.0 | 233.711 | .000 | a, b, c, d |
Injected during last year | 3.4 | 0.9 | 37.6 | 23.7 | 20.0 | 234.873 | .000 | b, c, d |
Treatment history | 49.1 | 81.0 | 81.6 | 73.6 | 72.7 | 97.299 | .000 | a, b, c, d |
Number of registrations > 1 | 5.9 | 14.8 | 12.3 | 19.5 | 18.0 | 18.120 | .001 | a, c, d |
Types of treatment centres | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Inpatient | 27.5 | 77.6 | 28.5 | 38.2 | 51.0 | 278.227 | .000 | a, d |
Outpatient | 70.3 | 19.9 | 66.9 | 56.1 | 41.0 | 273.105 | .000 | a, d |
Both | 2.1 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 8.0 | 12.206 | NS | Â |
Source of referral | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No source of referral | 16.1 | 29.6 | 38.0 | 17.1 | 35.0 | 33.863 | .000 | a, b, d |
Immediate surroundings | 18.6 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 3.565 | NS | Â |
Police or justice | 43.6 | 9.9 | 7.8 | 34.1 | 12.0 | 171.881 | .000 | a, b, d |
Specialised substance abuse treatment | 1.7 | 2.9 | 11.6 | 7.3 | 15.0 | 48.173 | .000 | b, d |
General hospital | 3.4 | 9.1 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 6.0 | 17.593 | .001 | a |
General practitioner | 4.7 | 12.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 15.423 | .004 | a |
Psychiatric hospital | 5.5 | 8.7 | 2.3 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 11.201 | .024 | Â |
Outcome of intake interview | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Start of treatment | 69.5 | 89.1 | 73.8 | 73.2 | 70.0 | 70.065 | .000 | a, |
Immediate referral to other centre | 4.7 | 2.9 | 18.5 | 15.4 | 19.0 | 82.786 | .000 | b, c, d |
Without consequences | 25.8 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 57.779 | .000 | a, b, c, d |