Dietary sources of energy and macronutrient intakes among Flemish preschoolers

Table 5 Mean and median intakes of nutrients and foods and the % of the population that had intakes above the upper levels, calculated with adjustment for within-individual variability^a

Nutrient	Age	Reference values	Mean (SD)	Median (SE)	% > UL/AMDR_UL(SE)
Protein*	< 4 years	10 - 15%	16,4 (2.1)	16,3 (0.2)	75 (5.0)
	≥ 4 years		15,3 (2.1)	15,2 (0.2)	53 (3.0)
Saturated fatty	< 4 years	8 - 12%	13,4 (2.7)	13,3 (0.3)	69 (4.0)
acids*	≥ 4 years		13,4 (1.9)	13,4 (0.2)	77 (4.0)
Simple	< 4 years	< 15%^£	30,7 (5.3)	30,6 (0.6)	100 -
carbohydrates*	≥ 4 years		31,4 (5.2)	31,3 (0.4)	100 -
Food group	Age	FBDG	Mean (SD)	Median (SE)	%> FBDG _UL (SE)
Restgroup (snacks/desserts)†	< 4 years	restricted	46,8 (13.3)	45,1 (1.2)	36 (3.4)
	≥ 4 years		53,7 (16.4)	52,0 (1.0)	55 (2.3)
Restgroup (sugared drinks)‡	< 4 years	restricted	89,9 (106.2)	56,0 (9.5)	35 (3.4)
	≥ 4 years		123,7 (131.5)	72,0 (7.6)	40 (2.3)
Restgroup (fried potatoes)μ	< 4 years	restricted	12,6 (9.3)	11,4 (0.8)	36 (3.4)
	≥ 4 years		14,2 (6.0)	13,5 (0.3)	38 (2.3)
Restgroup (sauces)μ	< 4 years	restricted	12,5 (5.2)	13,1 (0.5)	34 (3.4)
	≥ 4 years		12,9 (4.5)	13,2 (0.3)	32 (2.2)
Restgroup (sweet spreads)^μ	< 4 years	restricted	14,4 (8.8)	12,4 (0.8)	38 (3.5)
	≥ 4 years		14,4 (8.7)	13,2 (0.5)	41 (2.3)

a Only nutrients and food groups for which the percentage of children with excessive intakes was > 30% are presented.
* Percentage of total energy intake supplied by the respective nutrient and its recommendation expressed as acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR).
† Sweet deserts (e.g. ice cream, tiramisu), sweet snacks, salty snacks (e.g. chips), chocolate, and brioches. Although the recommendation is to limit these food products, the percentage given in the column > FBDG_UL are children consuming more than 50 g/d of these snacks.
‡ Sugared drinks (e.g. tea with sugar added) and softdrinks, but no fruit juices. Although the recommendation is to limit these food products, the percentage given in the column > FBDG_UL are children consuming more than 100 ml/d of these sugared drinks.
^μ Although the recommendation is to limit these food products, the percentage given in the column > FBDG_UL are children consuming more than 15 g/d of these sauces.
£No national recommendations are available for simple carbohydrates. Therefore, intakes were compared with a reference value of 15 precent of total energy intake.
Upper level (UL)
Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG)
n (< 4 years old) 197, n (≥4 years old) 465

ISSN: 2049-3258