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Table 5 Mean and median intakes of nutrients and foods and the % of the population that had intakes above the upper levels, calculated with adjustment for within-individual variabilitya

From: Dietary sources of energy and macronutrient intakes among Flemish preschoolers

Nutrient

Age

Reference values

Mean (SD)

Median (SE)

% > UL/AMDRUL(SE)

Protein*

< 4 years

10 - 15%

16,4 (2.1)

16,3 (0.2)

75 (5.0)

 

≥ 4 years

 

15,3 (2.1)

15,2 (0.2)

53 (3.0)

Saturated fatty

< 4 years

8 - 12%

13,4 (2.7)

13,3 (0.3)

69 (4.0)

acids*

≥ 4 years

 

13,4 (1.9)

13,4 (0.2)

77 (4.0)

Simple

< 4 years

< 15%£

30,7 (5.3)

30,6 (0.6)

100 -

carbohydrates*

≥ 4 years

 

31,4 (5.2)

31,3 (0.4)

100 -

Food group

Age

FBDG

Mean (SD)

Median (SE)

%> FBDG UL (SE)

Restgroup (snacks/desserts)†

< 4 years

restricted

46,8 (13.3)

45,1 (1.2)

36 (3.4)

 

≥ 4 years

 

53,7 (16.4)

52,0 (1.0)

55 (2.3)

Restgroup (sugared drinks)‡

< 4 years

restricted

89,9 (106.2)

56,0 (9.5)

35 (3.4)

 

≥ 4 years

 

123,7 (131.5)

72,0 (7.6)

40 (2.3)

Restgroup (fried potatoes)μ

< 4 years

restricted

12,6 (9.3)

11,4 (0.8)

36 (3.4)

 

≥ 4 years

 

14,2 (6.0)

13,5 (0.3)

38 (2.3)

Restgroup (sauces)μ

< 4 years

restricted

12,5 (5.2)

13,1 (0.5)

34 (3.4)

 

≥ 4 years

 

12,9 (4.5)

13,2 (0.3)

32 (2.2)

Restgroup (sweet spreads)μ

< 4 years

restricted

14,4 (8.8)

12,4 (0.8)

38 (3.5)

 

≥ 4 years

 

14,4 (8.7)

13,2 (0.5)

41 (2.3)

  1. a Only nutrients and food groups for which the percentage of children with excessive intakes was > 30% are presented.
  2. * Percentage of total energy intake supplied by the respective nutrient and its recommendation expressed as acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR).
  3. † Sweet deserts (e.g. ice cream, tiramisu), sweet snacks, salty snacks (e.g. chips), chocolate, and brioches. Although the recommendation is to limit these food products, the percentage given in the column > FBDGUL are children consuming more than 50 g/d of these snacks.
  4. ‡ Sugared drinks (e.g. tea with sugar added) and softdrinks, but no fruit juices. Although the recommendation is to limit these food products, the percentage given in the column > FBDGUL are children consuming more than 100 ml/d of these sugared drinks.
  5. μ Although the recommendation is to limit these food products, the percentage given in the column > FBDGUL are children consuming more than 15 g/d of these sauces.
  6. £No national recommendations are available for simple carbohydrates. Therefore, intakes were compared with a reference value of 15 precent of total energy intake.
  7. Upper level (UL)
  8. Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG)
  9. n (< 4 years old) 197, n (≥4 years old) 465
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Archives of Public Health

ISSN: 2049-3258