Trends of violence among 7th, 8th and 9th grade students in the state of Lara, Venezuela: The Global School Health Survey 2004 and 2008

Table 1 Prevalence of Selected Indicators for Violence among Students of the 7th to 9th Grade in Lara State, Venezuela.

	Total		Males		Females
	2004	2008	2004	2008	2004	2008
	n = 2070	n = 870	n = 860	n = 383	n = 1210	n = 411
Indicators	P(%)	P(%)	P(%)	P(%)	P(%)	P(%)
	IC 95%	IC 95%	IC 95%	IC 95%	IC 95%	IC 95%
Absenteeism (a)	10.8	20.8	13.1	25.2	8.8	16.7
	8.7-13.0	13.1-28.5	10.7-15.6	15.2-35.1	6.0-11.6	9.0-24.4
Robe (b)	14.2	14.8	16.0	17.7	12.7	12.2
A - Out of school	11.8-16.6	10.6-19.0	13.0-19.0	12.4-23.0	10.4-14.9	7.7-16.7
B - In-school	21.7	22.0	20.9	26.9	22.5	17.1
	19.5-23.8	14.6-29.5	18.1-23.7	16.6-37.3	19.5-25.6	11.2-23.0
Bullying (c)	33.4	43.6	35.6	46.2	31.4	41.1
A - Per ≥ 1 days	30.3-36.5	35.8-51.3	31.9-39.3	36.3-56.1	26.7-36.0	33.5-48.7
B - Hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around, or locked indoors	18.5	14.3	27.8	17.9	8.3	11.0
	12.8-24.3	9.7-18.8	20.1-35.6	10.8-25.1	5.5-11.1	5.7-16.3
Physical attack (d)	NA	21.5	NA	28.2	NA	15.2
A - Physically attacked	NA	15.8-27.2	NA	20.6-35.7	NA	9.1-21.4
B - Physical fight	27.5	28.2	44.9	43.1	12.0	14.7
	22.3-32.7	23.7-32.7	40.5-49.2	36.1-50.1	10.3-13.8	10.8-18.5
Weapon (e)	4.3	7.1	7.2	10.9	1.8	3.6
Carrying any weapon	3.1-5.6	3.7-10.5	5.4-8.9	6.1-15.8	1.0-2.6	0.9-6.2

The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), 2004 and 2008.
2004 and 2008: corresponding to the academic school years 2003-2004 and 2007-2008, respectively; P(%): prevalence per 100 participants; IC95%: 95% Confidence Interval. NA Not available
Indicators for violence
(a) Absenteeism (in the last 12 months): students who did not attend classes one or more days due to feeling unsafe at their school or on their way to or from school.
(b) Robbery (in the last 12 months): A-Students who were robbed one or more times outside their school. B-Students who were robbed one or more times inside their school.
(c) Bullying (during the past 30 days): A-Students who were bullied on one or more days. B-Students who were bullied most often by being hit, kicked, pushed, shoved around, or locked indoors.
(d) Physical attack (in the last 12 months): A-Students who were physically attacked one or more times. B-Students who were in a physical fight one or more times.
(e) Carrying a weapon (during the past 30 days): Students who carried a weapon, such as a gun, knife, or club on one or more days.

ISSN: 2049-3258