Table 2 Comparing differences between crude analysis (simple logistic regression) and adjusted analysis (multiple logistic regression) on factors associated with stunted growth of children under-five in Ghana, 2011

Covariates/exposure

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95%)

p-value

NHIS membership (main exposure variable)

  No

1

1

1

0.200

  Yes

0.90 (0.72-1.11)

0.331

0.87 (0.70-1.08)

Sex

  Male

1

1

1

0.000^***

  Female

0.76 (0.65-0.89)

0.001^**

0.75 (0.64-0.88)

Age in months

Mothers education

  None

1

1

1

1

  Primary

0.82 (0.65-1.04)

0.000^***

1.00 (0.80-1.28)

0.944

  Secondary

0.54 (0.45-0.66)

0.81 (0.65-1.00)

  Tertiary

0.36 (0.25-0.50)

0.78 (0.51-1.22)

Geographic location

  Rural

1

0.000^***

0.97 (0.75-1.24)

0.783

  Urban

1.61 (1.32-1.96)

Socioeconomic status

  Poorest

1

0.000^***

0.80 (0.64-0.99)

0.000^***

  Second

0.75 (0.62-0.92)

0.66 (0.50-0.87)

  Middle

0.61 (0.47-0.79)

0.42 (0.82-0.61)

  Fourth

0.39 (0.28-0.54)

0.32 (0.20-0.50)

  Richest

0.26 (0.19-0.36)