Table 3 Factors associated with introduction of prelacteal feeding in Ethiopia 2011 (n = 7540)

Individual-level variables

Ethnicity

 Afar

1.00

 Amhara

5.46(3.07, 9.72)***

 Oromo

3.94(2.24, 6.90)***

 Somali

7.78(4.56,13.24)***

 Tigrie

3.25(1.69, 6.25)***

 Other ethnic groups

3.06(1.72, 5.45)***

Religion

 Protestant

1.00

 Orthodox

1.82(1.32, 2.48)***

 Muslim

1.48 (1.07, 2.06)*

 Others (traditional & others)

1.04 (0.64, 1.68)

Household wealth quintiles

 Poorest

1.00

 Poorer

0.88(0.72, 1.08)

 Middle

0.79(0.64, 0.99)*

 Richer

0.77(0.62, 0.97)*

 Richest

0.72(0.54, 0.98)*

Delivery assistance

 Other person

1.00

 Health personnel

0.68(0.54, 0.87)**

Mode of delivery

 Other mode

1.00

 Cesarean delivery

1.87(1.28, 2.73)**

Initiation of breastfeeding

 Early (within 1 h)

1.00

 Late

5.32(4.65, 6.09)***

Perceived size of child at birth

 Small

1.00

 Middle

0.83(0.72, 0.97)*

 Large

0.80(0.68, 0.95)*

Community-level variables

Contextual region

 City dwellers

1.00

 Agrarian

0.37(0.26, 0.53)***

 Pastoralist

2.0(1.18, 3.40)***

Community ANC utilization

 Low

1.00

 Middle

0.75(0.56, 0.99)*

 High

0.58(0.38, 0.87)*