Individual and community level factors with a significant role in determining child height-for-age Z score in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis

Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Ahmed, Ahmed Ali; Yalew, Alemayehu Worku; Birhanu, Belay Simanie; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.

doi:10.1186/s13690-017-0193-9

Archives of Public Health

Table 5 Factors Associated with child height for age Z score in Ethiopia by multilevel linear regression analysis, 2015

From: Individual and community level factors with a significant role in determining child height-for-age Z score in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis

Variables	Model 2^a ß**(SE)	P value	Model 3^b ß** (SE)	P value	Model 4^c ß** (SE)	P value
Level one factors
Child age in months	−0.04 (0.002)	P < 0.001			−0.04 (0.002)	P < 0.001
Child sex (male^d)
Female	0.16 (0.06)	0.008			0.16 (0.06)	0.009
Number of under-fives in the household (one^d)
Two and above	−0.48 (0.08)	P < 0.001			−0.48 (0.08)	P < 0.001
Mother education (can’t read and write^d)
Only read and write	0.04 (0.10)	0.70			0.004 (0.10)	0.97
Have formal education	0.13 (0.11)	0.21			0.14 (0.11)	0.20
Wealth index (Lowest^d)
Second	0.09 (0.11)	0.41			0.08 (0.11)	0.50
Middle	0.09 (0.11)	0.43			0.06 (011)	0.60
Fourth	0.01 (0.12)	0.96			0.02 (0.12)	0.85
Highest	0.03 (0.08)	0.70			0.05 (0.08)	0.53
Women participation in decisions (No^d)
Yes	0.11 (0.09)	0.24			0.09 (0.09)	0.35
ANC follow up (No^d)					0.05 (0.08)	0.51
Yes	0.05 (0.08)	0.56
PNC follow up (No^d)					0.06 (0.07)	0.39
Yes	0.09 (0.07)	0.24
Child immunization (Not immunized^d)
Fully immunized	1.35 (0.08)	P < 0.001			1.30 (0.09)	P < 0.001
Breast feeding initiation time (within an hour^d)
After an hour	−0.30 (0.07)	P < 0.001			−0.25 (0.07)	0.001
Complementary feeding initiation (on time^d)
Not on recommended time	−0.10 (0.06)	0.11			−0.10 (0.06)	0.13
Maternal MUAC in cm	0.12 (0.01)	P < 0.001			0.12 (0.01)	P < 0.001
Household food insecurity access score	−0.01 (0.01)	0.11			−0.01 (0.01)	0.20
House hold diversity score	0.07 (0.03)	0.01			0.07 (0.03)	0.01
Household level water treatment (No^d)
Yes	0.18 (0.10)	0.07			0.25 (0.10)	0.01
Diarrhea illness 2 weeks prior to the survey (No^d)
Yes	−0.27 (0.09)	0.003			−0.29 (0.09)	0.001
Community level factors
household waste disposal practice (No^d)
Yes			0.26 (0.11)	0.01	0.20 (0.10)	0.04
agroecosystem type (Abay valley lowlands)
Midland with black soil			0.60 (0.19)	0.01	0.52 (0.15)	0.001
Midland with red soil			0.48 (0.19)	0.001	0.32 (0.16)	0.04
Midland with brown soil			0.51 (0.18)	0.006	0.50 (0.15)	0.001
Hilly and mountainous highlands			0.09 (0.18)	0.61	0.18 (0.16)	0.27
Latrine utilization (No^d)
Yes			0.84 (0.08)	P < 0.001	0.39 (0.07)	P < 0.001

^aModel 2 is adjusted for individual level factors. ^bModel 3 is adjusted for community level factors. ^cMode4 is the final model adjusted for both individual and community level factors
^dIndicates the reference category, ß** it refers to normal regression coefficient

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ISSN: 2049-3258

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