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Table 1 Age-standardized prevalence and disabling impact of chronic conditions by educational level and gender, the Disability-Health survey, France, 2008–2009 (N = 23,348 respondents 25 years and older)

From: Contribution of chronic diseases to educational disparity in disability in France: results from the cross-sectional “disability-health” survey

 

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Prevalencea,

% (95% CI)

Disabling impactb, mean (95% CI)

Prevalencea,

% (95% CI)

Disabling impactb, mean (95% CI)

Prevalencea,

% (95% CI)

Disabling impactb, (mean, 95% CI)

Men

 Spine disorders

21.35 (20.23–22.52)

0.28 (0.19–0.36)

18.47 (17.46–19.53)

0.18 (0.13–0.23)

15.78 (14.14–17.57)

0.15 (0.09–0.21)

 Arthritis

21.05 (19.99–22.15)

0.46 (0.35–0.57)

17.71 (16.67–18.79)

0.53 (0.42–0.63)

11.99 (10.53–13.62)

0.38 (0.24–0.52)

 Dementia

1.51 (1.29–1.75)

0.89 (0.25–1.53)

1.55 (1.23–1.96)

0.62 (−0.01–1.25)

1.30 (0.87–1.95)

3.28 (− 0.56–7.12)

 Stroke

2.61 (2.31–2.95)

0.85 (0.37–1.32)

2.46 (2.12–2.86)

0.76 (0.34–1.17)

1.79 (1.32–2.43)

0.41 (− 0.07–0.89)

 Other neurologic diseases

2.15 (1.88–2.45)

0.99 (0.47–1.50)

2.04 (1.76–2.36)

1.08 (0.61–1.55)

1.32 (1.02–1.70)

0.47 (0.10–0.85)

 Ischemic heart diseases/PAD

9.93 (9.22–10.69)

0.83 (0.62–1.05)

9.37 (8.56–10.26)

0.57 (0.38–0.76)

6.05 (4.99–7.32)

0.64 (0.32–0.96)

 Other heart diseases

6.28 (5.75–6.85)

0.61 (0.33–0.88)

6.38 (5.74–7.07)

0.29 (0.11–0.46)

5.65 (4.54–7.01)

0.31 (0.09–0.53)

 COPD

10.10 (9.37–10.89)

0.42 (0.27–0.57)

7.67 (6.98–8.43)

0.28 (0.17–0.38)

5.51 (4.55–6.65)

0.14 (0.02–0.26)

 Psychiatric diseases

7.79 (7.18–8.45)

0.65 (0.43–0.87)

4.85 (4.42–5.33)

0.54 (0.38–0.71)

5.02 (4.24–5.92)

0.36 (0.17–0.54)

 Sensorial diseases

0.96 (0.76–1.20)

0.46 (−0.03–0.96)

1.49 (1.15–1.92)

0.18 (−0.11–0.47)

0.45 (0.29–0.71)

0.09 (− 0.19–0.38)

 Cancer

3.37 (2.97–3.82)

0.66 (0.37–0.95)

3.11 (2.64–3.66)

0.38 (0.15–0.61)

1.92 (1.45–2.56)

0.49 (0.12–0.85)

 Diabetes

10.69 (9.95–11.47)

0.20 (0.09–0.31)

7.23 (6.56–7.97)

0.13 (0.04–0.23)

5.15 (4.28–6.18)

0.16 (0.01–0.30)

 Accidents

5.37 (4.84–5.94)

0.96 (0.62–1.29)

4.59 (4.16–5.07)

0.61 (0.44–0.78)

3.29 (2.64–4.10)

0.45 (0.22–0.69)

Women

 Spine disorders

23.00 (22.10–23.93)

0.33 (0.25–0.41)

23.08 (21.99–24.21)

0.30 (0.24–0.35)

22.32 (20.54–24.21)

0.13 (0.08–0.18)

 Arthritis

29.95 (28.95–30.97)

0.55 (0.47–0.64)

23.77 (22.65–24.93)

0.43 (0.36–0.51)

21.03 (19.14–23.06)

0.34 (0.23–0.45)

 Dementia

1.31 (1.16–1.47)

1.44 (0.79–2.09)

0.82 (0.65–1.04)

1.22 (0.24–2.20)

0.53 (0.29–0.96)

3.00 (−3.34–9.35)

 Stroke

1.91 (1.72–2.13)

0.79 (0.35–1.22)

1.37 (1.12–1.68)

1.76 (0.72–2.80)

1.74 (1.22–2.46)

1.15 (0.07–2.23)

 Other neurologic diseases

2.12 (1.88–2.39)

1.23 (0.66–1.79)

1.45 (1.25–1.69)

1.20 (0.67–1.72)

1.66 (1.31–2.10)

0.79 (0.35–1.23)

 Ischemic heart diseases/PAD

3.74 (3.45–4.06)

0.94 (0.61–1.27)

3.22 (2.78–3.73)

0.80 (0.41–1.20)

3.44 (2.49–4.75)

0.34 (−0.16–0.83)

 Other heart diseases

6.16 (5.74–6.59)

0.75 (0.53–0.97)

4.82 (4.32–5.37)

0.34 (0.15–0.53)

6.94 (5.64–8.51)

0.48 (0.16–0.81)

 COPD

8.15 (7.61–8.71)

0.22 (0.10–0.33)

7.44 (6.81–8.12)

0.35 (0.25–0.45)

7.36 (6.20–8.72)

0.35 (0.22–0.48)

 Psychiatric diseases

12.92 (12.25–13.61)

0.44 (0.32–0.57)

9.09 (8.49–9.73)

0.34 (0.24–0.44)

7.90 (6.92–9.00)

0.23 (0.11–0.34)

 Sensorial diseases

0.56 (0.45–0.69)

1.14 (0.31–1.96)

0.39 (0.29–0.52)

0.84 (0.04–1.64)

0.65 (0.43–0.99)

0.50 (−0.27–1.28)

 Cancer

2.98 (2.65–3.35)

0.90 (0.59–1.22)

2.49 (2.15–2.88)

1.08 (0.72–1.44)

3.72 (2.83–4.86)

1.46 (0.82–2.10)

 Diabetes

8.43 (7.94–8.95)

0.38 (0.25–0.51)

4.79 (4.28–5.34)

0.29 (0.15–0.44)

2.19 (1.64–2.93)

0.43 (0.03–0.83)

 Accidents

3.22 (2.89–3.60)

0.28 (0.06–0.50)

3.30 (2.92–3.73)

0.53 (0.31–0.74)

3.85 (3.12–4.74)

0.93 (0.56–1.31)

  1. CI Confidence interval; Prevalence rates are weighted and age-standardized to the French population of men and women estimated by the 2009 census (French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). The disabling impact is the disease-specific cumulative rates of disability for each disease (that is the β in the linear predictor presented in formula (1)). Spine disorders (low back pain, neck pain, spine deformity), arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, other type of inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis), Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases (and other types of dementia), neurologic diseases (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis), stroke, ischemic heart disease/peripheral artery disease (PAD), other heart diseases (arrhythmia, heart failure), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (asthma, chronic bronchitis), psychiatric diseases (anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and autism), sensorial diseases (blindness or severe visually impairment, deafness or serious hearing loss), cancer, diabetes, and sequelae of injury