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1
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Interim constitution of Nepal [42]
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The bill related to health insurance has amended but preparing the modality and scheme became very complex.
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Health is accepted as fundamental human right and government must provide basic health service to all citizens.
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2
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National Health Insurance Policy 2013 [43]
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There are many interest groups to dismiss the social health insurance program in Nepal.
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Platform has been established to freely discuss the impact of social health insurance.
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3
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Pokhrel Rajani and Silwal Puskar. Social health insurance in Nepal: A health system departure toward the universal health coverage [44]
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Very poor coverage (5% population coverage) of social health insurance in Nepal.
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Social health insurance program has been extended and benefit package has been revised.
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4
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Review of community-based health insurance initiatives in Nepal [45]
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Isolated, localized CBHI schemes, as presently implemented in Nepal, do not constitute well accepted model on which national health insurance could be successfully raised.
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The positive environment for health insurance has been created by public and health experts.
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5
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National health insurance policy in Nepal: challenges for implementation [46]
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The enrollment status is very low and health workers have no special training.
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Training for financial management, application of information technology has been started in hospital health insurance.
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6
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Implementing a Participatory Model of Micro Health Insurance among Rural Poor with Evidence from Nepal [47].
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The participation is volunteer based, premium amount could not pay by poor people and high dropout in current enrollment.
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The health insurance is toward mandatory health insurance to all citizen and foreigners too.
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7
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A Comparative Study on Outcome of Government and Co-Operative Community-Based Health Insurance in Nepal [48]
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There is poor awareness on contribution based health service in Nepal.
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Community organization like Co-Operative groups can be utilized for universal health insurance coverage.
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8
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Progress Report on Opportunities, Challenges, Lessons Learned and Strategic Directions for the Implementation of the Nepal Health Sector Programme-2 [49]
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There are not enough discussion with interest groups about the health insurance service and payment models.
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The social health insurance manual is under discussion with the different stakeholders.
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9
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E Saito et. al Catastrophic household expenditure on health in Nepal: a cross-sectional survey [50]
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The catastrophic health spending is more (13%) than threshold level (10%) in household level and majority of causes are road traffic accident and foreign employment.
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Health insurance program by hospital and coverage area has been expanded and disease specific health insurance program has been started.
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10
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Uprety Sudeep and Lamichhane Bipul 2016. Health Budgeting and Financing in Nepal: Policy Perspectives [51]
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There is no assurance for sufficient financing, equitable and efficient resources and financial management and accountability.
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Health financing policy discourse has been started.
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11
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The Current Trade Union Situation in Nepal [52]
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Seriously misleading of trade union as a sister organization of political parties and diverting the goal of labor organizations ignoring the issue of financial protection during illness.
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Trade Union could strongly advocate the mandatory health insurance of labors and their families to their companies
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12
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Nepal Labour Market Profile 2014 [53]
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Informal market is the main challenges to collect health insurance premium.
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Large numbers of youth are outside the countries and can be converted into formal labor market.
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13
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There is high priority of Universal health coverage in UN sustainable development goal globally [54]
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There is no clear paradigm shift to achieve UHC and international support modality has not designed clearly.
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There is a global pressure and environment to achieve UHC.
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14
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Health Federalism: The Role of Health Care Professionals in Nepal [55]
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The high amount of out-of-pocket expenditure is increasing due to conflict of interest in health care system and professionals who involve government health system of Nepal.
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Health professional councils could involve making health care system like Universal Health Coverage.
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