The impact of unconditional child cash grant on child malnutrition and its immediate and underlying causes in five districts of the Karnali Zone, Nepal – A trend analysis

Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Chen, Wen; Rijal, Sanjay; Dahal, Pradiumna; Chikazaza, Ingrid R.; Dhakal, Thakur; Chitekwe, Stanley

doi:10.1186/s13690-019-0352-2

Archives of Public Health

Table 4 Trend in child undernutrition in the Karnali Zone of Nepal after controlling for confounders*, 2009-2015

From: The impact of unconditional child cash grant on child malnutrition and its immediate and underlying causes in five districts of the Karnali Zone, Nepal – A trend analysis

Variables	2009 (Ref.)	Dolpa		Jumla		Mugu		Humla		Kalikot		Karnali Zone
		AOR(95%CI)		AOR(95%CI)		AOR(95%CI)		AOR(95%CI)		AOR(95%CI)		AOR(95%CI)
		2013	2015	2013	2015	2013	2015	2013	2015	2013	2015	2013	2015
Stunting^#	1	0.82 (0.63-1.08)	0.54^*** (0.43-0.69)	1.05 (0.75-1.46)	0.78 (0.59-1.05)	0.57^*** (0.44-0.75)	0.53^** (0.36-0.79)	0.69^* (0.54-0.87) ^*	0.78 (0.60-1.02)	0.90 (0.66-1.21)	0.90 (0.69-1.17)	0.75^*** (0.66-0.84)	0.68^*** (0.61-0.77)
Underweight^#	1	0.75* (0.57-0.98)	0.50^*** (0.38-0.64)	0.73 (0.53-1.01)	0.62^** (0.47-0.83)	0.73^* (0.57-0.94)	0.63^* (0.43-0.92)	0.63^*** (0.50-0.80)	0.60^*** (0.46-0.78)	0.71^* (0.54-0.95)	0.54^*** (0.42-0.69)	0.71^*** (0.63-0.80)	0.57^*** (0.51-0.64)
Wasting^#	1	0.82 (0.52-1.30)	0.66 (0.43-1.01)	0.58^* (0.35-0.95)	0.41^*** (0.26-0.65)	1.49^* (1.01-2.21)	1.52 (0.84-2.76)	0.52^* (0.36-0.76) ^*	0.54^** (0.36-0.82)	0.91 (0.59-1.39)	0.41^*** (0.27-0.62)	0.77^** (0.65-0.93)	0.52^*** (0.43-0.63)
		Aβ( 95%CI)		Aβ( 95%CI)		Aβ( 95%CI)		Aβ( 95%CI)		Aβ( 95%CI)		Aβ( 95%CI)
HAZ^†	0	0.20* (0.02-0.38)	0.58^*** (0.42-0.75)	-0.11 (-0.33-0.11)	0.18 (-0.02-0.37)	0.35^*** (0.17-0.53)	0.42^** (0.16-0.69)	0.21^* (0.04-0.39)	0.30^** (0.11-0.49)	0.12 (-0.08-0.32)	0.13 (-0.05-0.30)	0.21^*** (0.13-0.29)	0.36^*** (0.27-0.44)
WAZ^†	0	0.28*** (0.15-0.42)	0.55^*** (0.42-0.67)	0.26^** (0.09-0.43)	0.41^*** (0.26-0.57)	0.19^** (0.05-0.32)	0.23^* (0.03-0.43)	0.30^*** (0.16-0.43)	0.38^*** (0.24-0.53)	0.19^* (0.03-0.34)	0.39^*** (0.26-0.53)	0.26^*** (0.20-0.32)	0.43^*** (0.37-0.50)
WHZ^†	0	0.24** (0.10-0.39)	0.28^*** (0.14-0.41)	0.44^*** (0.26-0.61)	0.42^*** (0.26-0.57)	-0.07 (-0.21-0.07)	-0.10 (-0.30-0.10)	0.30^*** (0.17-0.42)	0.34^*** (0.20-0.47)	0.12 (-0.04-0.28)	0.43^*** (0.30-0.57)	0.20^*** (0.14-0.27)	0.31^*** (0.24-0.37)

AOR adjusted odds ratio, Aβ adjusted linear regression coefficient, CI confidence interval, HAZ Z scores for height-for-age, WAZ Z scores for weight-for-age, WHZ Z scores for weight-height
^#Two-level or three-level GLMMs with binominal link; ^† Two-level or three-level GLMMs with normal link
^Adjusted for child age and gender, father and mother’s educational attainment, household wealth index, caste/ethnicity, expected food shortage, family size, and clustering of children within wards. *p<0.05; ** p<0.01; ***p<0.001

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